Nucleated red blood cells in cord blood of singleton term and post-term neonates

Axt, R.; Ertan, Kubilay; Hendrik, J.; Wrobel, M; Mink, D; Schmidt, Werner

doi:10.1515/jpm.1999.051

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Korst et al 2 did not exclude patients with hypertension, pre-eclampsia, maternal tobacco use, or chorioamnionitis. Axt et al 21 did not exclude Table 3, it is apparent that the s.d. we report for nRBC is larger than that previously reported in some other studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Umbilical cord nucleated red blood cell counts: normal values and the effect of labor

et al. 2006

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Objective: To determine the umbilical cord blood nucleated red blood cell (UC-nRBC) count in uncomplicated pregnancies delivered by elective cesarean section or delivered vaginally.Methods: A total of 57-term singleton pregnancies were studied: 33 with elective cesarean sections and 24 with vaginal deliveries. UC-nRBC was analyzed for its nucleated red blood cell counts. A logarithmic transformation of the data was used for statistical analysis.Results: The mean±standard deviation (s.d.) for nucleated red blood cell per 100 white blood cells (nRBC/100WBC) from the elective cesarean section group was 7.8±7.4. The vaginal delivery group had a mean value of 9.3±10.5, which was not significantly different. A value of 22 nRBC/ 100WBC defined the upper 95% confidence limit. The correlation between absolute nRBC and nRBC/100 WBC was 0.97. Conclusion:Although chronic hypoxia is associated with elevated nRBC, the stress of uncomplicated labor does not change the level. This adds credence to its use as a marker for hypoxia preceding labor and delivery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Umbilical cord nucleated red blood cell counts: normal values and the effect of labor

et al. 2006

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“…9 Although the number of NRBC per 100 leukocytes decreased throughout gestation, there were no significant differences in quantitative values for NRBC from 30 to 44 weeks, indicating that the decrease in the number of NRBC to 100 WBC is primarily a function of the increasing WBC count (Figure 1a and b). Axt et al 10 reported increased NRBC per 100 WBC in cord blood samples of post-term neonates compared with term neonates and correlated an increase in NRBC per 100 WBC with fetal oxygenation. In our study, we did not find a statistically significant difference of NRBC per 100 WBC between term and post-term births (P = 0.507).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increased erythropoietin levels causing increased erythropoiesis has been documented in intrauterine chronic hypoxia, post-term births and maternal smoking. [10][11][12] Elevated levels of erythropoietin also increase NRBC in the fetus in hemoglobinopathies and hemolytic disease of the newborn, for example, ABO or RH isoimmunization. In some instances the increase in NRBC may be secondary to premature release from the marrow secondary to acute phase reactants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive study of umbilical cord blood cell developmental changes and reference ranges by gestation, gender and mode of delivery

Glasser¹,

Sutton²,

Schmeling³

et al. 2015

J Perinatol

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“…Many acute and chronic stimuli, such as fetal hypoxia, cause increases in the number of circulating NRBCs from either increased erythropoietic activity or a sudden release from the marrow storage pools; the increase in circulating NRBCs occurs at least 24 h after the event [4][5][6][7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleated Red Blood Cells in Term Fetuses: Reference Values Using an Automated Analyzer

et al. 2007

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Background: Nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) are present in small numbers in the cord blood of healthy fetuses at birth. Acute and chronic stimuli, such as fetal hypoxia, cause increased circulating levels of NRBCs. Manual counting is presently the only way to quantify NRBCs, but it is time-consuming and inaccurate. Recently, automated approaches have been developed in order to quantify NRBCs. Objectives: Our aim was to compare manual vs. automated NRBC counting and derive reference values in umbilical cord blood samples from healthy term fetuses. Methods: We analyzed blood samples from 131 healthy term fetuses by the automated approach and calculated reference values of NRBC counts as percentiles. To compare automated NRBC count with manual count we obtained umbilical cord blood samples from 50 further fetuses. Results: Significant positive correlation was obtained between the two methods (r² = 0.988, Bland-Altman plot mean difference NRBCs/100 WBC: –0.590). The median for NRBCs/100 WBC was 3.05 (range 0–11.6) and the median for absolute NRBC counts ×10⁹/l was 0.39 (range 0–1.8). Conclusions: We demonstrate that values obtained with the automated NRBC counting method are comparable to those obtained with the microscopic manual evaluation and give reference values for umbilical cord NRBCs at term that can be used in clinical practice.

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Nucleated red blood cells in cord blood of singleton term and post-term neonates

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Umbilical cord nucleated red blood cell counts: normal values and the effect of labor

Umbilical cord nucleated red blood cell counts: normal values and the effect of labor

A comprehensive study of umbilical cord blood cell developmental changes and reference ranges by gestation, gender and mode of delivery

Nucleated Red Blood Cells in Term Fetuses: Reference Values Using an Automated Analyzer

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