Nucleated erythrocytes in maternal blood: quantity and quality of fetal cells in enriched populations

Fetal Gender Determination and BclI Polymorphism Using Nucleated Erythrocytes in Maternal Blood

“…There appeared to be several explanations for amplification failure. First, some template degradation may have occurred during the course of the enrichment and staining procedures (Reading et al 1995;Cheung et al 1996). Second, microdissection of cells fixed on slides can induce mechanical DNA breakage and thus loss of amplification from one or two alleles (Cheung et al 1996).…”

“…Because cells of erythroid lineage have glycophorin A (GPA) as a cell membrane antigen, we used immunostaining with an anti-GPA antibody to differentiate fetal NRBCs in cell suspension, which eluted after MACS for CD71. It has been well established that this combination of antigens is excellent for isolation of nucleated erythrocytes (Bianchi et al 1990(Bianchi et al ,1992Price et al 1991;Wachtel et al 1991;Ganshirt-Ahlert et al 1992;Reading et al 1995). However, even after separation with monoclonal antibodies, maternal cell contamination is unavoidable.…”

Fetal Cells in Maternal Blood For Prenatal Diagnosis: A Love Story Rekindled

“…Parano et al were also able to identify common aneuploidies such as trisomy 21 (T21), T13 and XXY on nRBCs from the second trimester pregnancies, and reported a minimized maternal contamination when using a micromanipulator to isolate the fetal cells [8]. More specific enrichment procedures of nRBCs were pursued by targeting the iron-binding protein transferrin (CD71) [9,10] or targeting both CD71 and glycophorin A (Gly A) using a magnetic-activated cell sorting platform. Following CD71 or Gly A enrichment and HbF staining, Martel-Petit et al identified nRBCs, which revealed a fetus affected with cystic fibrosis.…”

Tolerance to the foeto-placental ‘graft’: ten ways to support a child for nine months

“…Furthermore, foetal cells, and thus potentially immunogenic foetal antigenic molecules, may be detected in the maternal blood [5]. It is presumed that these cells and molecules are released into the maternal blood during proliferation of trophoblastic cells, following tissue ruptures that occur at the terminal extremity of the growing chorial villi.…”