Nucleate pool boiling of aqueous solution of citric acid on a smoothed horizontal cylinder

Abstract

Nucleate pool boiling heat transfer coefficients were measured during pool boiling of the mixtures of Citric acid/water on a horizontal heated Cylinder. The experiment was done at atmospheric pressure and heat fluxes up to 113 kW m -2 and mass fraction range 0.1496-0.613 over all ranges of mass fraction, the heat transfer coefficients of the mixtures are markedly less than those in single component substances and, in particular, are dramatically deteriorated in the vicinity of both single component substances. An applicability of existing correlations to the present experimental data is discussed. As a result, it is difficult for any existing correlation to predict the true values of pool boiling heat transfer coefficients over all ranges of mass fraction in mixtures of citric acid/water. Available correlation results were not exactly adapted to experimental data and for the best estimation, a new modified model based on Stephan-Kroner has been achieved with reasonable accuracy. Also the status of bubble generation showed that nucleation site density is strictly functioning of heat flux.

Thermal behavior of aqueous iron oxide nano-fluid as a coolant on a flat disc heater under the pool boiling condition

“…The interesting point of this study is related to this fact that during the fouling formation on the surface, the heat transfer coefficient does not change over the time, which means that the iron oxide fouling has no significant impact on the boiling thermal performance of nano-fluid. All the findings in this work are in a good a good agreement with those of obtained in previous publications [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] and this work is regarded as a confirmation for our previous works. …”

Properties of Citric Acid and Its Solutions

“…At boiling temperatures, Sarafraz [204] correlated surface tensions with compositions of citric acid solutions. Since multicomponent aerosol particles in the moist atmosphere (citric acid is one of them) significantly affect the surface tension of cloud droplets, in a number of metrological studies surface tensions of citric acid solutions were also reported [51,56,205].…”

Experimental Investigation on Pool Boiling Heat Transfer to Formic Acid, Propanol and 2-Butanol Pure Liquids under the Atmospheric Pressure

“…These tuning parameters could also be empirically determined. Sarafraz (2012) recently has redeveloped a correlation for estimating the pool boiling heat transfer coefficient of pure and binary mixtures. Figure. 1 presents schematically the experimental equipment used in the present measurements.…”