Nuclear receptor DAX‐1 in human common epithelial ovarian carcinoma: An independent prognostic factor of clinical outcome

Abstract

DAX-1 is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and is thought to be involved in the regulation of steroidogenesis. Its expression has been detected primarily in endocrine neoplasms such as adrenocortical as well as pituitary tumors in human, but its biological roles have not been examined well in sex steroiddependent neoplasms. The aim of this study is to detect the expression of DAX-1 in common epithelial ovarian carcinomas in order to evaluate its possible biological significance. DAX-1 immunoreactivity was examined using immunohistochemistry. The correlation between the status of DAX-1 immunoreactivity and clinicopathological parameters and disease-free survival of the patients in a series of 60 cases of common epithelial ovarian carcinoma was examined. The status of DAX-1 immunoreactivity was evaluated using H score. DAX-1 immunoreactivity was widely detected in the nuclei of common epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells. There was a significant positive correlation between DAX-1 immunoreactivity and clinical staging (P = = = =0.0241), tumor grade (P = = = =0.0115), the residual size of the tumor (P = = = =0.0014) and Ki-67 labeling index (P = = = = < < < <0.0001). In univariate survival analysis, a significant association was detected between DAX-1 immunoreactivity and shortened patient survival (P = = = =0.0157). ommon epithelial ovarian carcinomas are characterized by a broad spectrum of biological behavior ranging from tumors associated with excellent prognosis and response to therapy to those with poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. This marked variety is related to the fact that many patients are diagnosed at an advanced clinical stage.

Nuclear Receptor DAX1 in Human Prostate Cancer: A Novel Independent Biological Modulator

“…Results of recent studies suggest that DAX1 was also detected in the cytoplasm, functioning as a potent corepressor for steroid formone receptors in mammalian cells [30][31][32]. However, in our present study, DAX1 immunoreactivity was clearly detectable in the nuclei of prostate carcinoma cells but not so in their cytoplasm, which is compatible with results of most previously reported studies [19,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Therefore, these results all suggest that DAX1 protein is predominantly present in the nuclei of prostate carcinoma cells and may play an important role as a nuclear orphan receptor in human prostate cancer tissues.…”

“…DAX1 was previously reported in human testis, ovarian follicle, corpus luteum, and adrenal, and has been in general postulated to be associated with development and steroidogenesis of these tissues [21][22][23][24][25]. The presence of DAX1 was also reported in adrenal, endometrial, and ovarian tumor [19,[26][27][28]. DAX1 mRNA was absent in human normal prostate, while it was expressed in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell lines, i.e.…”

“…Therefore, DAX1 may play an important role in development of human prostate cancer but not in normal prostate. DAX1 protein has been reported to be localized mainly in the nuclei of various cells and to be postulated to work as a nuclear orphan receptor in the human normal and neoplastic tissues [19,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Results of recent studies suggest that DAX1 was also detected in the cytoplasm, functioning as a potent corepressor for steroid formone receptors in mammalian cells [30][31][32].…”

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuropeptides and receptor in human breast cancer: Correlation to poor prognosis parameters

“…GnRH R expression was also studied at the protein level by immunohistochemistry. Receptor was localized in the membranes but also in the cytoplasm of malignant cells of the tumor and in the cancerous implants of ductal in situ carcinoma of solid type, in accordance with previous reports [1,22]. Perineural invasions were negative.…”

NR0B1 Is Required for the Oncogenic Phenotype Mediated by EWS/FLI in Ewing's Sarcoma

“…The data presented here shows that NR0B1 is an EWS/FLIregulated gene that is necessary, but not sufficient, for oncogenic transformation in Ewing's sarcoma cells. Although previous studies have documented NR0B1 expression in some tumor types, such as adrenocortical, breast, and ovarian carcinomas (18)(19)(20), a functional role for NR0B1 in cancer development has not been shown. Our findings therefore provide a novel role for this orphan nuclear receptor.…”