Nuclear reactions of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Au</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts /><mml:mrow /><mml:mrow><mml:mn>197</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow /><mml:mrow /></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>with 11.5- and 300-GeV protons

Kaufman, S.B.; Weisfield, M. W.; Steinberg, E.P.; Wilkins, B.D.; Henderson, D. J.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.14.1121

Cited by 67 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…references in [5]), in reactions where a considerable energy is transferred to the thermal source, the multifragmentation influences essentially the yield of the residues. The ALADIN fragmentation data provide a typical exam- The dots denote the experimental data for tantalum [18] and for gold [19]. The histograms correspond to calculations.…”

Section: Effect Of the Break-up On The Mass-distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was also found that this process takes place in reactions induced by highenergy protons. In Figure 5, we present the results of the analysis performed in [17] concerning inclusive yields of fragments from tantalum [18] and gold [19] targets. The theoretical calculations were done within cascade, evaporation, and fission models which ignore the multifragment break-up stage, and, alternatively, with the same models including the multifragmentation additionally.…”

Section: Effect Of the Break-up On The Mass-distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of the freeze-out temperature by the isospin thermometer

et al. 2003

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The high-resolution spectrometer FRS at GSI, Darmstadt, provides the full isotopic and kinematical identification of fragmentation residues in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Recent measurements of the isotopic distribution of heavy projectile fragments led to a very surprising new physical finding: the residue production does not lose the memory of the N/Z of the projectile ending up in a universal de-excitation corridor; an ordering of the residues in relation to the neutron excess of the projectile has been observed. These unexpected features can be interpreted as a new manifestation of multifragmentation. We have found that at the last stage of the reaction the temperature of the big clusters subjected to evaporation is limited to a universal value. The thermometer to measure this limiting temperature is the neutron excess of the residues.

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Section: Effect Of the Break-up On The Mass-distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of the Break-up On The Mass-distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the freeze-out temperature by the isospin thermometer

et al. 2003

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“…There is a "shoulder" near the target, and a steep fall-off for decreasing mass number. For a given beam-target combination the shoulder becomes broader and lower, and the fall-off becomes less steep at increasing incident energies [1][2][3]6]. For a given target and equivalent total incident energy, the shoulder is broader when instead of proton, heavy-ion beams are used [5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Mass-yield distribution in proton and heavy ion induced target fragmentation processes

et al. 1982

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Zeitschdft ~4"t'~r for Physik A /"~ILUI I IN~ and Nuclei @~ Springer-Verlag 1982 It is shown that nuclear target fragmentation in proton and heavy ion induced reactions, in particular the following experimental facts concerning the mass-yield distribution can be understood in terms of a semiclassical model: (i) its independence on the mass of the projectile at approximately the same incident energies, (ii) its trend of approaching a limit at higher bombarding energies, (iii) its "U-formed" shape at sufficiently high bombarding energies. Standard methods in statistical theory of chemical equilibrium are used to calculate the mass-yield distribution for medium and heavy target nuclei in high-energy nuclear reactions where the Coulomb interaction between the fragments is taken into account selfconsistently. The result shows: The fact that the decaying rest target nucleus and its fragments are bounded objects of finite size and finite charge have significant influences, especially on the tbrm of the mass-yield distributions.

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“…First, we confirmed the validity of simulation codes, by comparing the results of two typical high-energy Monte-calro simulation codes (PHITS ver.2.52 [4] and MARS ver.2012 [5]) with experimental data on mass distribution for the 197 Au (p, x) reaction at 11.5 GeV [6]. Figure 1 shows a benchmark result for nuclear models implemented in the codes.…”

Section: Production Of Radionuclides In the Gold Targetmentioning

confidence: 62%

Investigation on Radionuclides Released in the Radioactive Material Leak Incident at the J-PARC Hadron Experimental Facility

Hagiwara¹,

Saito²,

Numajiri³

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Science at J-Parc — Unlocking the Mysteries of Life, Matter and the Universe

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The radiological feature of the radioactive material leak incident at the J-PARC Hadron experimental facility has been investigated. From the systematic analysis focusing on the species and behavior of radionuclides originated in the gold target that had been used for nuclear and particle physics experiments since December 14, 2012, we have figured out the major process that resulted in the release of radioactive materials into the user working areas in the Hadron experimental hall as follows; 1) a variety of radionuclides had been produced in the gold target via nuclear spallation reactions, 2) radionuclides with boiling points lower than the melting points of gold were mainly discharged from the gold target because of the instantaneous overheat which raised the temperature of the gold target above the melting point of gold by injection of the anomalously intense-pulsed beam, 3) the radionuclides diffused in the primary beam line room by the air circulation system and leaked into the user working area through the inadequate hermetic sealing for cables and bulk shields between the primary beam line room and the user working areas.

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Nuclear reactions ofAu197with 11.5- and 300-GeV protons

Cited by 67 publications

References 44 publications

Determination of the freeze-out temperature by the isospin thermometer

Determination of the freeze-out temperature by the isospin thermometer

Mass-yield distribution in proton and heavy ion induced target fragmentation processes

Investigation on Radionuclides Released in the Radioactive Material Leak Incident at the J-PARC Hadron Experimental Facility

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