Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-Based Quantification on Flavor-Active and Bioactive Compounds and Application for Distinguishment of Chicken Breeds

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to use 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) to quantify taste-active and bioactive compounds in chicken breasts and thighs from Korean native chicken (KNC) [newly developed KNCs (KNC-A, -C, and -D) and commercial KNC-H] and white-semi broiler (WSB) used in Samgye. Further, each breed was differentiated using multivariate analyses, including a machine learning algorithm designed to use metabolic information from each type of chicken obtained using 1 H-13 C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (2D NMR). Breast meat from KNC-D chickens were superior to those of conventional KNC-H and WSB chickens in terms of both tasteactive and bioactive compounds. In the multivariate analysis, meat portions (breast and thigh) and chicken breeds (KNCs and WSB) could be clearly distinguished based on the outcomes of the principal component analysis and partial least square-discriminant analysis (R 2 =0.945; Q 2 =0.901). Based on this, we determined the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for each of these components. AUC analysis identified 10 features which could be consistently applied to distinguish between all KNCs and WSB chickens in both breast (0.988) and thigh (1.000) meat without error. Here, both 1 H NMR and 2D NMR could successfully quantify various target metabolites which could be used to distinguish between different chicken breeds based on their metabolic profile.

Comparison of chicken breast quality characteristics and metabolites due to different rearing environments and refrigerated storage

“…In addition, the variable importance in projection ( VIP ) score was calculated, which expresses the importance of the variables for the discrimination of groups in PLS-DA. Metabolites with VIP scores higher than 1.0 were considered to be the major contributors to the formation of the PLS-DA model ( Kim et al, 2021b ). In our study, the VIP scores were calculated to evaluate the importance of individual metabolites in separating CB and WB in PLS-DA and how they changed during 7 d of refrigerated storage.…”

“…The content of some nucleotide-related products (hypoxanthine, IMP, inosine, and UMP) in chicken breast was also affected by refrigerated storage. As enzymatic reaction occurs after slaughter, IMP breaks down, with the simultaneous accumulation of inosine and hypoxanthine in fresh meat ( Kim et al, 2021b ). Similarly, UMP can also be decomposed into nucleosides and nucleobases by the catalytic reaction of 5’-nucleotidase during cold storage ( Dong et al, 2020 ).…”

Exploring effects of organic selenium supplementation on pork loin: Se content, meat quality, antioxidant capacity, and metabolomic profiling during storage

“…The NMR analysis was performed according to Kim et al (2021) [29]. In brief, each minced sample (5 g) was homogenized with 20 mL of 0.6 M perchloric acid at 12,000 rpm for 1 min (T25 digital ULTRA-TURRAX ® , IKA Co.).…”

Current State of Metabolomics Research in Meat Quality Analysis and Authentication

“…Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient methods to distinguish meat with different breed origins. For this purpose, metabolomics-based approaches were developed and have been applied to discriminate pork [146], chicken [45,168], and duck [43] meat of different breeds. By the NMR-based metabolomics method, the amino acid carnosine was identified as the metabolite most strongly correlated to the sensory attributes of the pork meat from different breeds [146].…”

“…Compared with commercial broilers, Korean native chicken meat possesses higher amounts of IMP, α-glucose, lactate, and anserine and lower amounts of free amino acids. A further study reported by Kim et al developed a metabolomics approach based on 2D HSQC analysis to differentiate between Korean native chickens and white-semi broiler, demonstrating superior performance to the conventional quality assessment tools [168].…”