Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolome profile evaluation in dairy cows with and without displaced abomasum

Abstract

Erdem Gulersoy (2020) Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolome profile evaluation in dairy cows with and without displaced abomasum, Veterinary Quarterly, 40:1, 1-15, ABSTRACT Background: Displaced abomasum (DA) is a condition of dairy cows that severely impacts animal welfare and causes huge economic losses. Objective: To assess the metabolic status of the disease using metabolomics in serum, urine and liver samples aimed at both water soluble and lipid soluble fractions. Methods: Fifty Holstein multiparous cows with DA (42 left, 8 right) and 20 clinically healthy Holstein multiparous cows were used. Left DA was associated with concomitant ketosis in 19 animals and right in two. NMR-based metabolomics approach and hematological and biochemical analyses were performed. Statistical analysis was carried out on 1 H-NMR data after they have been normalized using PQN method. Results: Contrary to generated PCA score plots the OPLS-supervised method revealed differences between healthy animals and diseased ones based on serum water-soluble samples. While water and lipid soluble metabolites decreased in serum samples, fatty acid fractions and cholesterol were increased in liver samples in DA affected cows. The metabolomic and chemical profiles clearly revealed that cows with DA (especially with LDA) were at risk of ketosis and fatty liver. Serum hippuric acid concentration was significantly higher in healthy cows in comparison with LDA, whereas serum glycine concentration was reported higher for healthy when compared to RDA affected animals. Conclusion: A biochemical network and pathway mapping revealed 'valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis' and 'phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis' as the most probable altered metabolic pathway in DA condition. Serum was advocated as the optimal biological matrix for the 1 H-NMR analysis. ARTICLE HISTORY

A Tale of Two Biomarkers: Untargeted 1H NMR Metabolomic Fingerprinting of BHBA and NEFA in Early Lactation Dairy Cows

“…Interestingly, Xu et al [39] found no correlation between calculated energy balance in early lactation dairy cows and the concentrations of any of the branched-chain amino acids or lactate. Conversely, when compared to healthy controls, cows with fatty liver and displaced abomasa have been shown to have lower serum alanine concentrations [27,29], and cows with ketosis have lower lactate and alanine concentrations [25,42]. This suggests that alterations in glucogenic precursors, in particular lactate and alanine, are indicative of a perturbed metabolism, not simply negative energy balance.…”

“…Untargeted metabolomics combines high throughput molecular analytical techniques such as proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) spectroscopy with multivariate statistical modelling, to characterize the metabolic response of a biological system to pathophysiological stimuli [24]. Examples in dairy cattle include studies of ketosis [25,26], fatty liver [27], hypocalcaemia [28] and displaced abomasa [29]. The collective metabolic features of a given state or condition can be described as its "metabolomic fingerprint".…”

Selected Instrumental Techniques Applied in Food and Feed: Quality, Safety and Adulteration Analysis

“…The authors show that 1H-NMR can assess relevant metabolites involved in milk quality both from a nutritional and industrial perspective. Basoglu and coworkers [ 44 ] compared the metabolic status of healthy Holstein dairy cows with those suffering from displaced abomasum (a core component of the ruminant stomach that typically resides on the abdomen’s floor fills with gas and rises to the top of the abdomen). The author found the risk of fatty liver and ketosis incremented considerably in cows with displaced abomasum.…”

Use of Large and Diverse Datasets for 1H NMR Serum Metabolic Profiling of Early Lactation Dairy Cows

“…Another aim of dairy cattle metabolomic studies is to identify biomarkers which enable early identification of health disorders in the transition period such as ketosis [8,9], hypocalcemia [10] and displaced abomasa [11]. Of particular interest are studies that have identified biomarkers that are predictive of transition period disorders, such as that by Hailemariam et al [12], who identified a panel of three metabolites that could predict the occurrence of peri-parturient disease up to four weeks before calving.…”