Nuclear-Fueled Cardiac Pacemakers

Huffman, F.N.; Norman, John C.

doi:10.1378/chest.65.6.667

Cited by 20 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Betavoltaic batteries have broad applications in many fields including space exploration, polar exploration, and implantable medical devices, − due to their unique features of the superlong lifetime, high energy density, and environmental stability. However, the highest overall efficiency of betavoltaic batteries is still less than 4%, and the maximum output power is not more than 500 μW, which is much lower than the theoretical predictions and hinders the potential application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Performance Perovskite Betavoltaics Employing High-Crystallinity MAPbBr₃ Films

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2021

ACS Omega

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Long-life and self-powered betavoltaic batteries are extremely attractive for many fields that require a long-term power supply, such as space exploration, polar exploration, and implantable medical technology. Organic lead halide perovskites are great potential candidate materials for betavoltaic batteries due to the large attenuation coefficient and the long carrier diffusion length, which guarantee the scale match between the penetration depth of β particles and the carrier diffusion length. However, the performance of perovskite betavoltaics is limited by the fabrication process of the thick and high-crystallinity perovskite film.In this work, we demonstrated high-performance perovskite betavoltaic cells using thick, high-quality, and wide-band-gap MAPbBr 3 polycrystalline films. The solvent annealing method was adopted to improve the crystallinity and eliminate the pinholes in the MAPbBr 3 film. The optimal MAPbBr 3 betavoltaic cell achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.35% and a maximum output power of 1.203 μW under radiation of electrons of 15 keV with an equivalent activity of 253 mCi. These results are a nearly 50% improvement from previous reports. Effects of the MAPbBr 3 perovskite layer thickness on the device performance were also discussed. The mechanisms of film-growth processes and device physics could provide insights for the research community of perovskites and betavoltaics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Performance Perovskite Betavoltaics Employing High-Crystallinity MAPbBr₃ Films

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2021

ACS Omega

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“…The Betacel battery achieved an efficiency of 4% and lifetime over 10 years. 21 However, the pacemaker market was occupied later by lithium battery instead of betavoltaic battery due to its high cost and radiation concerns. The research on betavoltaic battery was proceeded slowly until 2006, and subsequent years have seen the development of several novel betavoltaic batteries from several manufacturers, including Qynergy, City Labs and Widetronix.…”

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confidence: 99%

Review—Betavoltaic Cell: The Past, Present, and Future

Zhou

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2021

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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In recent years, betavoltaic batteries have become an ideal power source for micro electromechanical systems. Betavoltaic battery is a device that converts the decay energy of beta emitting radioisotope sources into electrical energy using transducers. They have the advantages of high energy density, long service life, strong anti-interference ability, small size, light weight, easy miniaturization and integration, thus it has become a research hotspot in the field of micro energy. However, to date, the low energy conversion efficiencies as well as technological limitations of betavoltaic batteries impede their further application. In this review, the theory of betavoltaic energy conversion and recent understanding of the ideal material and structure design of the betavoltaic batteries for efficient exciton production, dissociation and charge transport is described, as well as recent attempts to realize optimum results. This review article concludes by identifying the remaining challenges for the improvement of battery performance and by providing perspectives toward real application of betavoltaic batteries.

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“…Beta particles can produce electron-hole pairs in semiconductors via their loss of kinetic energy and can contribute to the generation of electric power6. Although potential applicability of radioisotopes in portable power sources that do not require recharging seems very attractive7, it has been reported that only a small portion of the entire radiation energy can be converted into electrical energy5678910. Moreover, most betavoltaic cells suffer from serious radiation damage to the lattice structures of semiconductors and subsequent performance degradation due to the high kinetic energy of the beta particles11.…”

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confidence: 99%

Plasmon-assisted radiolytic energy conversion in aqueous solutions

Kim

Kwon

2014

Sci Rep

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The field of conventional energy conversion using radioisotopes has almost exclusively focused on solid-state materials. Herein, we demonstrate that liquids can be an excellent media for effective energy conversion from radioisotopes. We also show that free radicals in liquid, which are continuously generated by beta radiation, can be utilized for electrical energy generation. Under beta radiation, surface plasmon obtained by the metallic nanoporous structures on TiO2 enhanced the radiolytic conversion via the efficient energy transfer between plasmons and free radicals. This work introduces a new route for the development of next-generation power sources.

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Nuclear-Fueled Cardiac Pacemakers

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

High-Performance Perovskite Betavoltaics Employing High-Crystallinity MAPbBr₃ Films

High-Performance Perovskite Betavoltaics Employing High-Crystallinity MAPbBr₃ Films

Review—Betavoltaic Cell: The Past, Present, and Future

Plasmon-assisted radiolytic energy conversion in aqueous solutions

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Nuclear-Fueled Cardiac Pacemakers

Cited by 20 publications

References 5 publications

High-Performance Perovskite Betavoltaics Employing High-Crystallinity MAPbBr3 Films

High-Performance Perovskite Betavoltaics Employing High-Crystallinity MAPbBr3 Films

Review—Betavoltaic Cell: The Past, Present, and Future

Plasmon-assisted radiolytic energy conversion in aqueous solutions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

High-Performance Perovskite Betavoltaics Employing High-Crystallinity MAPbBr₃ Films

High-Performance Perovskite Betavoltaics Employing High-Crystallinity MAPbBr₃ Films