Nuclear factor I stimulates transcription of the adenovirus 12 E1A gene in a cell-free system

Functional Characterization of a Bidirectional Plant Promoter from Cotton Leaf Curl Burewala Virus Using an Agrobacterium-Mediated Transient Assay

“…Apart from the sites for TFs that bind to promoter elements, more than 40 TFBs were identified in plants, mammals and yeast. The binding sites of TFs that bind to the promoters of certain ds-DNA animal viruses were also found, such as CRF and NF-1, which bind to the E2 late promoter [60] and early gene (E1A) [61], respectively, of adenoviruses; Cx and NF-Y, which bind to immediate early gene-3 (IE-3) [62] and thymidine kinase [63], respectively, of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1); and T-Ag that binds to Polyoma viruses [64]. …”

A cis-acting element 7 bp upstream of the ESF-1-binding motif is involved in E1A 13S autoregulation of the adenovirus 12 TS2 promoter.

“…Thus, for Ad12 it was shown by in vitro transcription assays that the promoters of both TS1 and TS2 are individually stimulated by cellular factors Nakanishi et al, 1987). Previous reports have indicated that the binding of nuclear factor-I (NF-I) to a region located near the left end of the Ad12 genome is involved in stimulation of TS1 (Koikeda et al, 1990 ;Shibata et al, 1989) and that the DNA-binding activity of NF-I might be inhibited by the E1A protein (Koikeda et al, 1990 ;Shibata-Sakurai et al, 1991). In addition, the E1A-stimulating factor 1 (ESF-1) was found to activate basal transcription from TS2 by interacting with a palindromic DNA sequence immediately upstream of the TATA box (Shibata-Sakurai et al, 1991, 1993.…”

In vivo stimulation of a chimeric promoter by binding sites for nuclear factor I.

“…Furthermore, mutation of the NFI-binding site in the mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat drastically reduced glucocorticoid-and androgen-dependent expression (5,35). These and other studies (8,26) suggest that NFI-binding sites are essential for optimal expression of a number of cellular and viral genes.…”

“…Thus, it is possible that the requirements seen here for activation (i.e., high DNA-binding affinity and close spatial location) may differ on these more complex promoters. For example, NFI-binding sites in some natural promoters are located >70 bp from the TATA box (8,26,30). In such promoters, the interaction of NFI with other transcription factors may allow it to stimulate transcription over a greater distance than seen on the AdMLP.…”