Nth Order Voltage Mode Active-C Filter Employing Current Controlled Current Conveyor

Abstract

This paper proposes an nth order (where n = 2,3, ,n) voltage mode active-C filter using n number of current controlled current conveyors (CCCIIs) and n number of equal valued grounded capacitors. The proposed topology can implement both band pass and low pass responses without alteration of any components. The filters offer the following important features: use of minimum number of current controlled current conveyors (CCCIIs) and passive components, no matching constraint, use of all grounded capacitors and absence of external resistor suitable for integration, cut off frequency can easily be electronically adjusted using AMS 0.35 µm CMOS technology. PSPICE simulation results of third order band pass and low pass responses are provided. The results are found to agree well with the theory

A novel DDCC+ based first-order current-mode active-C all-pass filter using a grounded capacitor

“…It can also be said that the function is only valid when the MOSFETs are operated in the "weak inversion region" [13]. (17) Here, ζ is a nonideality factor that ranges from 1 to 3 and V T is thermal voltage, defined as V T = kT /q [13]. The symbol k represents the Boltzmann constant, q is unit charge, and T is temperature.…”

“…(16) and Eq. (17). It can also be said that the function is only valid when the MOSFETs are operated in the "weak inversion region" [13].…”

“…CMOS integrated structures are mostly preferred in analog designs [13]. The types of passive components used in the integrated circuit topology design determine the category of architecture, such as active-R [14], active-C [11,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21], active-RC [11], or active-only [22] circuits. Passive resistors, which have some disadvantages such as needing a large chip area and a nonaccurate current-voltage proportion, are not employed in the proposed circuit.…”

Third-Order Reconnection-Less Electronically Reconfigurable Multifunctional Filter

“…When it comes to the filters of higher-order (higher than 2 nd -order) [7][8][9][10][11][12][13], these filtering structures are usually designed to operate as one-purpose filters offering only one specific function [7][8][9][10], or if they offer more than one function [11][12][13], they are designed in similar manner as the 2 nd -order filters (not offering the ability of the electronic reconnection) requiring switching between the specific nodes of the circuit topology. To the best of author's knowledge, there was no report of the reconnection-less electronically reconfigurable filter of higher order and this area is worth the investigation.…”