NOX Emission Reduction in Commercial Jets through Water Injection

Balepin, V.; Ossello, Chris; Snyder, Christopher A.

doi:10.2514/6.2002-3623

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…As reflected in their NASA report, Balepin et al conducted a numerical study on NOx reduction due to water injection in a commercial jet engine during the takeoff and climbout flight phases [52]. In addition to NOx reduction during these two flight phases, they also reported a perceptible decrease in the turbine inlet temperature (which would result in prolonged engine life as well as increased safety).…”

Section: Fig 11 Comparison Between Lpc and Hpc Injection By Sfc Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To further investigate the subject, they introduced a number of performance/design parameters and relations: a swirl number formula, two different relations for combustion efficiency, highest temperature of the combustor outlet gas (T max,out ), pattern factor relations, and temperature uniformity index ( t ) and temperature standard deviation (parameters related to the temperature profile of the outlet flow), a relation (merit function) to calculate NOx values and evaluate the total NOx and CO emissions, water evaporator efficiency, and entropy generation rate [75]. Other studies on the simultaneous injection into the combustor and compressor include articles by David Dagget [50]and Balepin [52], both of which are cited in Section 2.2.2. Also, Elwekeel researched the injection in the combustion chamber and turbine, which will be referred to in Section 2.4 [76].…”

Section: Location Of Humidity Addition and Injection In Study Apparatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approach I: The case study Industrial case [4,29,49,50,52,59,61,63,90,105,108,119] Lab test stand case [10,16,18,26,31,53,58,64,65,77,85,86,92,99,100,106,110,113,116,118] Gas turbine (power plant) [22, 29, 49, 50, 59-63, 65, 76, 90, 105, 107, 108, 113] Gas turbine (aircraft) [4,10,26,50,52,65] Diesel engine [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]…”

Section: Table 4 References Categorization Based On Presented Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of steam addition and/or injection on the combustion characteristics: A review

2021

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Due to increasing global energy demand and the fact that a major source of the required energy is generated from fossil fuels, the combustion process has turned into a topic of interest in converting fossil fuels to energy. An ideal combustion system is one that can combine high engine efficiency with low fuel consumption and low emissions. Increasing humidity is a technique used by researchers for influencing the combustion process. The present study aims to review previously conducted researches in this regard. Based on viewpoints of these researches, the reviewed studies were categorized into four groups: (1) the case studies used; (2) the methodology applied; (3) the design guidelines considered; and (4) the performance parameters studied. It can be concluded from the reviewed articles that nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction is the most significant advantage of increasing humidity in the combustion process, and has led to the widespread use of this method. The other studied emissions either remained constant or their respective increases were negligible.

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Section: Fig 11 Comparison Between Lpc and Hpc Injection By Sfc Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Location Of Humidity Addition and Injection In Study Apparatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Table 4 References Categorization Based On Presented Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of steam addition and/or injection on the combustion characteristics: A review

2021

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“…Several studies have been undertaken to understand the influence of steam addition on fuel combustion and NOx emissions [1][2][3][4][5]. A preliminary aircraft performance investigation including system design, engine performance, maintenance, and the cost implications of using this technology in aircrafts at takeoff was carried out on at the NASA Glenn Research Center [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of steam addition on gas turbine combustor design and performance

Xue

Sethi

et al. 2016

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Adding steam influences the combustion process inside the combustor, which should be taken into account during combustor design. The design of combustor has long been the most challenging process. This study integrated the gas turbine performance with the combustor design, and formulated a detailed procedure for single annular combustors with steam addition consideration in particular. To accomplish this, a computer code has been developed based on the design procedures. The design model could provide the combustor geometry and the combustor performance. The inlet parameters for combustor design are obtained and validated through the calculation of gas turbine engine performance provided by our own home code. The model predictions are compared with operational and configuration data from two real engines and show reasonably good accuracy. The influence of steam addition on combustor design is investigated and results showed the variation of geometrical size is highest for components where intense combustion takes place while the design is almost kept the same for components where only pure flow exists. After conforming the feasibility of the combustor design code, we investigated the effects of steam addition on combustor performance. It revealed that steam injection is an effective way to reduce the temperature in the burner while other performance like the total pressure loss would be slightly deteriorated.

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“…Several studies have been undertaken to understand the influence of steam addition on fuel combustion and NOx emissions [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] . A preliminary aircraft performance investigation including system design, engine performance, maintenance, and cost implications of using water injection in aircrafts for takeoff operations was carried out at NASA Glenn Research Center [15,16] . As opposed to the old style water injection methods, it showed this approach could effectively reduce the Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC), NOx emissions, and turbine inlet temperatures as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Steam Addition on the Flow Field and NOx Emissions for Jet-A in an Aircraft Combustor

Xue

Nikolaidis

et al. 2016

International Journal of Turbo &Amp; Jet-Engines

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The steam injection technology for aircraft engines is gaining rising importance because of the strong limitations imposed by the legislation for NOx reduction in airports. In order to investigate the impact of steam addition on combustion and NOx emissions, an integrated performance-CFD-chemical reactor network (CRN) methodology was developed. The CFD results showed steam addition reduced the high temperature size and the radical pool moved downstream. Then different post-processing techniques are employed and CRN is generated to predict NOx emissions. This network consists of 14 chemical reactor elements and the results were in close agreement with the ICAO databank. The established CRN model was then used for steam addition study and the results showed under air/steam mixture atmosphere, high steam content could push the NOx formation region to the post-flame zone and a large amount of the NOx emission could be reduced when the steam mass fraction is quite high.

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NOX Emission Reduction in Commercial Jets through Water Injection

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Effects of steam addition and/or injection on the combustion characteristics: A review

Effects of steam addition and/or injection on the combustion characteristics: A review

Effect of steam addition on gas turbine combustor design and performance

Effect of Steam Addition on the Flow Field and NOx Emissions for Jet-A in an Aircraft Combustor

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