Now you see it, now you don't

Rappaport, Glisson, Hering, and Mall—Champions of Liver Microanatomy: Microscopic and Ultramicroscopic Anatomy of the Liver Into the Modern Age

“…It is ironic to imagine that in this perceptual struggle (Fig. 22), 35 one of the greatest liver anatomists, Hering, whom we have described earlier as “the ultimate student of perception,” could have rendered necessary visual guidance. In this context, attention should be directed to an elegant graphic rendition of liver zonation beyond mere oxygenation, embodied in a so‐called Hepatology Snapshot 36 that comprehensively embraces zonation of hepatocyte metabolic functions (i.e., glycolysis, bile acid production, glutamine synthesis, xenobiotic metabolism, gluconeogenesis, ß‐oxidation, cholesterol biosynthesis, ureagenesis, protein secretion, iron homeostasis, and modulation of insulin growth factors), zonation of the function of nonparenchymal cells (i.e., endothelial, stellate, and Kupffer), and even zonated damage in various liver diseases.…”

Mandatory, Binding Arbitration for Olympic Athletes: Is the Process Better or Worse for ‘Job Security’?

“…149 From its list of CAS arbitrators, ICAS created an Ad Hoc Division (AHD) of CAS 150 and sent approximately twelve arbitrators to Atlanta to settle disputes on the spot. 151 A panel of three arbitrators heard each case.…”

A tree grows in the liver, and now we can see it

“…5 The opposing view that bile forms in the gallbladder, championed by Franciscus Sylvius (also known as Franz de le Boë), whose discovery of the lateral cerebral fissure has proven more durable, was debunked experimentally by Marcello Malpighi. 6 Malpighi, of hepatic lobule fame, 7 performed a cholecystectomy in a cat and found that bile still flowed from the liver. Francis Glisson, Regius Professor of Physic at Cambridge, showed quite elegantly in a digested liver specimen that branches of the hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct lie in a common sheath that is an extension of his eponymous covering liver capsule.…”