Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a Gram-staining-negative and moderately thermophilic member of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae

Abstract

Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a Gram-staining-negative and moderately thermophilic member of the family Thermoactinomycetaceae Two Gram-staining-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strains, SG-1 T and SG-2, were isolated from a saline soil sample and a compost sample, respectively. The cells were nonmotile rods that occurred singly or in chains, and endospores were not observed under tested growth conditions. Optimum growth occurred at 50 8C, pH 7.5-8.0 and with 5-7 % (w/v) NaCl. The DNA G+C content was 49.5-50.5 mol%. The strains contained MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C 15 : 0 and anteiso-C 15 : 0 as the major fatty acids. The polar lipids consisted mainly of diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1c (meso-DAP direct). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new isolates belonged to the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, exhibiting low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90.8-91.3 %) to the nearest type strain, Mechercharimyces asporophorigenens YM11-542 T , and formed a well-supported lineage that was clearly distinguished from all currently described genera in this family. Based on our polyphasic taxonomic characterization, we propose that strains SG-1 T and SG-2 represent a novel genus and species within the family Thermoactinomycetaceae, for which we propose the name Novibacillus thermophilus gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Novibacillus thermophilus is SG-1 T (5KCTC 33118 T 5CGMCC 1.12771 T ).Within the phylum Firmicutes, as the type order of the class Bacilli, the order Bacillales contains a morphologically diverse assemblage of unicellular bacteria that includes aerobic, aerotolerant, facultatively anaerobic and strictly anaerobic strains, growing under psychrophilic, mesophilic or thermophilic conditions. Members of this order are generally Gram-staining-positive and endospore-forming. As an exception, the species Bacillus horti was detected to be Gram-staining-negative, possessing a thicker peptidoglycan layer than Gram-negative bacteria but a thinner one than ordinary Gram-staining-positive bacteria (Yumoto et al., 1998). Endospore formation has not been observed under tested growth conditions for some species, such as Bacillus foraminis ( The family Thermoactinomycetaceae in the order Bacillales was proposed by Matsuo et al. (2006), consisting of the genera Laceyella, Thermoflavimicrobium, Thermoactinomyces, Seinonella, Planifilum and Mechercharimyces. At the time of writing (April 2015), with seven new genera, Desmospora, Kroppenstedtia, Lihuaxuella, Marininema, Melghirimyces, Polycladomyces and Shimazuella, the family comprised 13 recognized genera. These bacteria are characterized by the formation of a single, non-stalked spore on the aerial or substrate hyphae, or consecutive spores on straight or branched sporephores (Tsubouchi et al., 2013). Most species of the family are thermophilic, although several members of the genera Seinonella, Mechercharimyces and Shimazuella are mesophilic. In this study, we repor...

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