Novelty seeking and drug use: Contribution of an animal model.

Cain, Mary E.; Saucier, Donald A.; Bardo, Michael T.

doi:10.1037/1064-1297.13.4.367

Cited by 110 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…In an attempt to determine the validity of this model, we recently examined the ability of inescapable and free-choice novelty tests to predict amphetamine self-administration using a large sample of rats. When novelty seeking was treated as a continuous variable to better model the research using human participants, the response to free-choice novelty was a better predictor of amphetamine self-administration than the response to inescapable novelty (Cain et al, 2005). While it remains unclear if the response to inescapable novelty adequately models sensation seeking, it is clear that this model predicts drug-use vulnerability (Marinelli, 2005;Kabbaj, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using freechoice novelty preference tests, high-novelty-seeking rats have been shown to be more sensitive than low-noveltyseeking rats to amphetamine-conditioned place preference (Robinet et al, 1998;Klebaur and Bardo, 1999). However, rats classified as high-or low-novelty seekers based on a median split of novelty place preference scores do not differ in amphetamine self-administration (Klebaur et al, 2001;Cain et al, 2004); however, see Cain et al (2005). Further, in contrast to activity in inescapable novelty, free-choice novelty does not result in corticosterone release (Misslin et al, 1982), suggesting that the specific ability of activity in inescapable novelty to predict amphetamine self-administration may depend on individual differences in glucocorticoid release by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual Differences in Amphetamine Self-Administration: The Role of the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala

Cain

Denehy

Bardo

2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Rats categorized as high responder (HR), based on their activity in an inescapable novel environment, self-administer more amphetamine than low responder (LR) rats. The current study examined if the central nucleus of the amygdala (ACe) contributes to the elevated response for amphetamine in HR rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were classified as HR and LR rats based on their activity in inescapable novelty and novelty place preference, and then were trained to self-administer amphetamine (0.1 mg/kg/infusion). Once stable responding was achieved, rats received microinfusions of the GABA A agonist muscimol (0.5 mg/0.5 ml) or phosphate-buffered saline into the ACe immediately before self-administration of amphetamine (0.1, 0.03, 0.01, or 0.001 mg/kg/infusion) or saline. An additional group of rats was trained to lever press for sucrose rather than amphetamine. Based on the inescapable novelty test, HR rats self-administered more amphetamine than LR rats at the 0.03 and 0.01 mg/kg/infusion unit doses; there were no significant individual differences in amphetamine self-administration based on the novelty place preference test. Inactivation of the ACe with muscimol decreased selfadministration at the 0.03 and 0.01 mg/kg/infusion unit doses in HR rats, but had no effect on LR rats. ACe inactivation had no reliable effect on inactive lever responding and appeared to be region specific based on anatomical controls. In addition, while inactivation of the ACe decreased responding for sucrose, inactivation did not differentially affect HR and LR rats. These results suggest that the ACe contributes to the elevated rate of amphetamine self-administration in HR rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in Amphetamine Self-Administration: The Role of the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala

Cain

Denehy

Bardo

2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…As mentioned previously, the behavioral and neurobiological processes underlying the pleasurable aspects of novelty appear to overlap with those of other rewards (Bardo, Donohew, & Harrington, 1996;Bardo & Dwoskin, 2004;Bevins, 2001;Bevins & Bardo, 1999;Bevins et al, 2002;Cain, Saucier, & Bardo, 2005;Dellu et al, 1996;Rebec et al, 1996). In a place conditioning preparation, conditioned responding is expressed similarly to cocaine and novel objects (Besheer & Bevins, 2003;Bevins, 2001;Bevins & Bardo, 1999;Douglas, Varlinskaya, & Spear, 2003;McBride et al, 1999;Mueller & Stewart, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Competition between the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine and novelty.

Reichel¹,

Bevins²

2008

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Access to novelty might provide an alternative learning history that competes with conditioned drug reward. We tested this suggestion in rats using a place conditioning procedure with cocaine and novelty. In Experiment 1, rats were conditioned with cocaine to prefer one side of an apparatus. In a subsequent phase, cocaine exposure continued; however, on the unpaired side, separate group of rats had access to novel objects, cocaine injections, or saline with no objects. Pairings with novel objects or cocaine shifted a preference away from the cocaine-paired environment during drug-free and drug-challenge tests. Experiment 2 tested novelty's impact when cocaine exposure was discontinued. The identical procedures were used except drug exposure ceased on the cocaine-paired side during the second phase. Both groups expressed a preference for the cocaine compartment. This preference was maintained for rats that did not have novel objects; however, rats that experienced novelty spent similar amounts of time in both compartments during both tests. Overall, the conditioned rewarding effects of novelty competed with those of cocaine as evidenced by a change in choice behaviors motivated by drug reward.

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“…This trait has relevance in Psychiatry research as it is thought to model some aspects of sensation-seeking behavior in humans Dellu et al, 1996;Cain et al, 2005), a personality trait closely associated with drug abuse and related mental illnesses (Zuckerman & Neeb, 1979). Rats categorized into the high and low ranges of exploration when exposed to an inescapable novel environment (namely HR and LR animals respectively) differ in the rate at which they self-administer low doses of psychotropic drugs (HR rats higher self-administration than LR rats) (Piazza et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The CCK-system underpins novelty-seeking behavior in the rat: Gene expression and pharmacological analyses

2008

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Cholecystokinin (CCK) and its receptor CCK-2R have been shown to promote emotional responsivity and behavioral sensitization to psychostimulants in the rat. An animal model has been developed based on locomotor response to a novel inescapable environment. Animals exhibiting consistent differences in locomotor response to novelty have been termed as High and Low Responder rats (HR and LR respectively). This paradigm is deemed to model sensation-seeking, a personality trait closely associated with substance abuse. The present study provides genetic and pharmacological evidence that the CCK-ergic system modulates this behavior. Distinctive patterns of CCK-related gene expression in HR and LR animals occurred beyond the mesolimbic pathways. CCK gene expression was higher in hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex, but lower in the ventral tegmental area of HR relative to LR rats. Levels of CCK-2R mRNA were more elevated in LR animals in some areas of the forebrain such as the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus. Additionally, CCK-2R blockade with the antagonist LY225.910 (0.5 mg/Kg) removed phenotype differences in sustained exploration of novel stimuli (i.e., a novel-object) in HR and LR rats exposed to an enriched open-field test series. Finally, CCK-2R blockade also altered M 2 and 5-HT 7 receptor gene expression in the mediodorsal thalamus (a strategic structure for corticothalamic trafficking) in a phenotype-dependent manner. Taken together, the findings reported here suggest that distinct CCK-ergic function may contribute to promoting individual differences in noveltyseeking behavior.

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Novelty seeking and drug use: Contribution of an animal model.

Cited by 110 publications

References 30 publications

Individual Differences in Amphetamine Self-Administration: The Role of the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala

Individual Differences in Amphetamine Self-Administration: The Role of the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala

Competition between the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine and novelty.

The CCK-system underpins novelty-seeking behavior in the rat: Gene expression and pharmacological analyses

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