Novel Titania Nanocoatings Produced by Anodic Oxidation with the Use of Cyclically Changing Potential: Their Photocatalytic Activity and Biocompatibility

Abstract

The anodic oxidation of Ti6Al4V substrate surfaces with the use of cyclically changing potential enabled the production of novel titania nanocoatings. Morphologically different coatings were prepared in the ethylene glycol-based electrolyte with diluted HF and various amounts of water. The structure of the produced surface materials was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. Their morphology was visualized by scanning electron microscopy. The photocatalytic efficiency of produced materials was studied by the observation of methylene blue degradation under UV irradiation. Their biointegration properties were established on the basis of immunological assays, which checked murine fibroblasts adhesion and proliferation on novel coatings. The obtained results pointed out to both high biocompatibility, as well as the photoactivity of one of the obtained nanocoatings, allowing trusting in the applicative nature of this material.

In Vitro Studies on Nanoporous, Nanotubular and Nanosponge-Like Titania Coatings, with the Use of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

“…However, optimal properties should be sought, and our research allows us to conclude about the high usefulness of TNT5 coatings. Furthermore, it confirms our extensive previous research, indicating this coating as the most biocompatible, not causing cytotoxic and genotoxic effects and bioactive microbiocidal [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]83]. The fact, that TNT5 possessed the most similar value of Young's modulus to bone, and that on this coating the number of osteoblasts seeded and co-cultured with ADSCs rose after 72 h culture almost twice when compared with unmodified scaffold and by 30% when compared with MG-63 cells growing alone, together with the ability to provoke a higher ALP activity, allows to state that this system has high application potential in modern implantology.…”

“…Due to the similar topography to natural bone, such modified surfaces promote direct contact with bone cells and the formation of apatite, which is the main component of bone tissue [8,18,19]. Homogeneous nanotubular, but also nanoporous and nanosponge-like coatings, on the surface of a titanium/titanium alloy implant can be easily and quickly produced by controlled electrochemical anodization procedure, which has been meticulously optimized and described in our earlier reports [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

“…Our earlier studies, which were carried out using nanofibrous titania coatings [51], as one of the few, showed that ADSC functionalizing the initially unfavorable surface prepare it for more demanding cells, and make it suitable for the cell growth. Obtained results mobilized us to look again at nanoporous, nanotubular, and nanosponge-like titania systems, which were characterized in details in terms of the structure, morphology and biointegrity with fibroblasts and osteoblasts [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], but this time in terms of their predisposition towards adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells of adipose origin. In our works, we have also tried to draw attention to the influence of surface coating architecture and its physicochemical properties on the effects mentioned above.…”

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Biological Properties of Surface-Modified Titanium Alloy Implants

“…The formation of an oxide layer (passivation layer) on the surface of titanium/titanium alloy implants, which is practically insoluble and largely responsible for their high corrosion resistance and biocompatibility, is an important way to approach implants' surface modification [17]. The implants' surface oxidation process control lead to the fabrication of titania coatings of defined architecture, porosity, and microstructure, on titanium-based implants' surface, which may contribute to an improvement of their mechanical properties and to their bioactivity increase [18][19][20][21].…”

“…Our previous research [20,21,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] focused on the development of technology to produce the bioactive coatings on the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy substrates, i.e., widely used material in the construction of orthopedic implants. However, in order to implement the developed nanocoatings into implant fabrication, it is necessary to estimate their bioactivity in detail.…”