Novel three-phase steam–air plasma torch for gasification of high-caloric waste

Rutberg, P.G.; Kuznetsov, V. A.; Serba, E O; Popov, Sergey; Суров, А. В.; Nakonechny, Ghennady V.; Никонов, А. А.

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.03.052

Cited by 59 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Therefore, the LHV of syngas can be estimated to be ≈9.8 MJ/Nm 3 . The LHV estimated is consistent with expectations from the literature for the LHV of syngas produced from plastic mixtures of 9.0 to ≈12 MJ/Nm 3 [54,55]. Interestingly, when the mole percentage composition of the syngas generated in the present study is compared with the composition of the syngas generated from the gasification of PP alone, several variations are observed as illustrated in Table 4.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Circumventing Unintended Impacts of Waste N95 Facemask Generated during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Conceptual Design Approach

2020

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The global crisis arising from the current COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a surge in the magnitude of global waste from used Personal Protective Equipment with special emphasis on waste N95 facemask. Creative approaches are therefore required to resolve the surging facemask waste disposal issue in an economical and environmentally friendly manner. In an attempt to resolve the evolving global waste challenge, the present study has assessed the economic and environmental performances of converting N95 facemasks to steam and electricity via a combined heat and power plant, to ethanol via a syngas fermentation process, and to an energy-dense gasoline-like oil product via a hydrothermal liquefaction process. These processes were assessed using “conceptual” process models developed using ASPEN plus as the process simulation tool. Economic and environment assessments were undertaken using net present values (NPVs) and the rate of potential environmental impacts (PEIs) respectively, as sufficient performance measures. Therefore, the present study was able to establish that the conversion of waste N95 facemask to syngas prior to a fermentation process for ethanol production constituted the least economical and least environmental friendly process with a negative NPV and the highest rate of PEI (1.59 PEI/h) value calculated. The NPV values calculated for N95 facemask waste conversion to steam and electricity and energy-dense oil processes were US$ 36.6 × 106 and US$ 53 × 106 respectively, suggesting the preference for the production of a valuable energy-dense oil product. Furthermore, it was observed that when the environmental performance of both processes was considered, rates of PEIs of 1.20 and 0.28 PEI/h were estimated for the energy-dense oil production process and the steam and electricity generation process, respectively. Therefore, the study was able to establish that the utilisation of waste N95 facemask for steam and electricity generation and for generating an energy-dense oil product are both promising approaches that could aid in the resolution of the waste issue if both environmental and economic performances constitute crucial considerations.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Circumventing Unintended Impacts of Waste N95 Facemask Generated during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Conceptual Design Approach

2020

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“…The use of plasma technology allows for reaching temperatures of up to 8000 °C with extremely high heating rates of 10 6 °C s −1 [46], [47]. The main advantage of this type of reactor is for the gasification of plastic, which needs high temperature to achieve full tar cracking, and consequently high gas yields [48]. Stelmachowski (2014) [49] had proposed molten metal bath reactor for the pyrolysis of plastics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic degradation of linear low-density polyethylene over HY-zeolite via pre-degradation method

Muhammad

Makwashi

Manos

2019

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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The catalytic degradation of linear low-density (lldPE) polyethylene over HY-zeolite catalyst was studied in a semi-batch reactor. One of the important problems encountered during catalytic pyrolysis of macromolecules is the contact with the catalyst, which is known to affect the product distribution and the quality of the coke formed. A pre-degradation procedure was introduced to achieve efficient contact between the LLDPE macromolecules and the catalyst. The influence of the pre-degradation to the reaction conditions including holding time, temperature, polymer to catalyst ratio and flow rate of carrier gas was examined. Moreover, the pre-degradation results were compared with the results obtained using normal mixing procedure. The results obtained showed that, pre-degradation promotes the liquid fraction by a factor of more than one-fold increase at the expense of the gas fraction and the coke yield. The optimal liquid fraction with pre-degradation was obtained at low reaction temperature and catalyst amount respectively, i.e. high polymer to catalyst ratio, making it economically viable method for the degradation of lldPE.

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“… Spouted bed 900 16.1 59 26 2 8 3.3 [ 124 , 130 , 131 ] Polyethylene Ni/γ- Al 2 O 3 Breaking carbon bonds with high reactivity, improving the water-gas shift reaction, lowering solid yield, and increasing gasification rate. Fixed bed 700–900 106–113 17–37 20–27 21–35 10–21 1.22–2.04 [ 92 , 133 , 140 ] Polystyrene Ni/Dolomite NiO/dolomite catalyst has capability to exhibit high degree of carbon conversion. Batch fixed bed 850 290 29 43 26 1.7 1.3 [ 18 , 134 ] Polyethylene terephthalate Activated carbon It is more effective in adsorption and tar removal than dolomite.…”

Section: Challenges and Future Outlook Of Biohydrogen Production From Cpwmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel strategy in biohydrogen energy production from COVID - 19 plastic waste: A critical review

Dharmaraj

Ashokkumar

Chew

et al. 2022

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Novel three-phase steam–air plasma torch for gasification of high-caloric waste

Cited by 59 publications

References 28 publications

Circumventing Unintended Impacts of Waste N95 Facemask Generated during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Conceptual Design Approach

Circumventing Unintended Impacts of Waste N95 Facemask Generated during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Conceptual Design Approach

Catalytic degradation of linear low-density polyethylene over HY-zeolite via pre-degradation method

Novel strategy in biohydrogen energy production from COVID - 19 plastic waste: A critical review

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