Novel Threadlike Structures on the Surfaces of Mammalian Abdominal Organs are Loose Bundles of Fibrous Stroma with Microchannels Embedded with Fibroblasts and Inflammatory Cells

Lee, Byeong Cheol; Sung, Baeckkyoung; Eom, Ki Hoon; Park, Eun Sung; Kim, Min Su; Kim, Se Hoon; Ogay, Vyacheslav; Kim, Ki Woo; Ryu, Yeonhee; Yoon, Yeo Sung; Soh, Kwang–Sup

doi:10.3109/03008207.2012.748757

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 39 publications

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“…In addition, the presence of 1 ~ 2 mL sized DNA-containing granules in the liquid extracted from the corpuscles is unique to NTSs, whereas lymph vessels carry lymphocytes that are 5 μ m or larger. The alignment of rod-shaped nuclei along the major axis of NTSs is accepted as one of the characteristics that can be used to discriminate NTSs from other similar-looking tissues or artifacts [13]. Our fluorescence images of DAPI-stained structures (Figure 3) showed that the rod shape and linear alignment of the nuclei aligned the major axis of the NTS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Novel Threadlike Structures May Be Present on the Large Animal Organ Surface: Evidence in Swine Model

Bae

Park²,

Lee³

et al. 2013

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Background. The types of embryonic development probably provoke different paths of novel threadlike structure (NTS) development. The authors hypothesized that NTS may be easily observed on the surface of swine intestines by using trypan blue staining method and visualization under an optical microscope. Methods. General anesthesia was administered to 2 Yorkshire pigs. The abdominal walls of the pigs were carefully dissected along the medial alba. NTSs were identified on organ surfaces under a stereoscopic microscope after trypan blue staining. Isolated NTS specimens obtained from the large intestine were subjected to 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and observed using the polarized light microscopy to confirm whether the obtained structure fits the definition of NTS. Results. We found elastic, semitransparent threadlike structures (forming a network structure) that had a milky-white color in situ and in vivo in swine large intestines. The samples showed distinct extinction of polarized light at every 90 degrees, and nucleus was shown to be rod shaped by DAPI staining, indicating that they meet the criteria of NTS. Conclusion. We used a swine model to demonstrate that NTS may be present on large animal organ surfaces. Our results may permit similar studies by using human specimens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Novel Threadlike Structures May Be Present on the Large Animal Organ Surface: Evidence in Swine Model

Bae

Park²,

Lee³

et al. 2013

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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The hyaluronic acid-rich node and duct system is a structure organized for innate immunity and mediates the local inflammation

Choi

Hwang²,

Kim

et al. 2019

Cytokine

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The Hyaluronic Acid-rich Node and Duct System (HAR-NDS or NDS), Primo Vascular System (PVS) or Bonghan System (BHS), is thought to be a third circulatory system independent of the blood and lymphatic systems and a structure of connected nodes and ducts. Although it seems to be part of the immune system as it is enriched with cells of innate immunity, little is known about its immunological roles. We performed cellular profiling and secretome analysis of NDS in a steady state and under TLR2- or TLR4-mediated local inflammation, and found that the NDS is pre-dominantly enriched with the myeloid cells, selectively attracts the inflammatory macrophages and neutrophils, has a flexible structure just like the lymph node, and is structured with the fibroblastic reticular cells and reticular network. NDS dominantly harbored the myeloid cells in both steady and activated status, and secreted various types of inflammatory cytokines by proinflammatory stimuli. These results suggest that NDS is the lymphoid structure for the innate immunity and plays an intermediary role in the innate immune cell-mediated local inflammation.

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Technical Challenges in Current Primo Vascular System Research and Potential Solutions

Kang

Maldonado

Vodyanoy

2016

Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies

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Since Bonghan Kim's discovery of the Bonghan system (BHS) in the 1960s, numerous reports have suggested that the system is fundamental for maintaining mammalian life. The BHS is a circulatory system independent of the blood or the lymphatic system, forms an extensive network throughout the entire mammalian body, has been reported to be the acupuncture meridian, stores distinct types of stem cells, and appears to have some roles in cancer metastasis. Despite Kim's first report having been published as early as 1962, research progress has been rather slow mainly because the system is very small and translucent, making it optically difficult to distinguish it from the hemoglobin-rich surrounding tissues. Unfortunately, Kim did not describe in detail the methods that he used for identifying and harvesting the system and the components of the system. In 2000, Kwang-Sup Soh reopened the BHS research, and since then, new and important scientific findings on the system have been reported, and many of Kim's results have been verified. In 2010, the BHS was renamed the primo vascular system. Nevertheless, good tools to properly deal with this system are still lacking. In this article, we address some of the technical difficulties involved in studying the primo vascular system and attempt to discuss potential ways to overcome those difficulties.

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Novel Threadlike Structures on the Surfaces of Mammalian Abdominal Organs are Loose Bundles of Fibrous Stroma with Microchannels Embedded with Fibroblasts and Inflammatory Cells

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

Novel Threadlike Structures May Be Present on the Large Animal Organ Surface: Evidence in Swine Model

Novel Threadlike Structures May Be Present on the Large Animal Organ Surface: Evidence in Swine Model

The hyaluronic acid-rich node and duct system is a structure organized for innate immunity and mediates the local inflammation

Technical Challenges in Current Primo Vascular System Research and Potential Solutions

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