Novel Tetracycline Resistance Gene,
 tet
 (32), in the
 Clostridium
 -Related Human Colonic Anaerobe K10 and Its Transmission In Vitro to the Rumen Anaerobe
 Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens

Melville, Claire M.; Scott, Karen P.; Mercer, Derry K.; Flint, Harry J.

doi:10.1128/aac.45.11.3246-3249.2001

Cited by 71 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These genes could represent a core antibiotic resistome for this cohort of swine. Indeed, it was suggested that tet(32) is abundant in farm animals (28), and our data support that conclusion for swine. The constant selective pressure of 50 y of in-feed antibiotics appears to have established a high background level of resistance in the swine microbiome.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

In-feed antibiotic effects on the swine intestinal microbiome

Looft

Johnson

Allen³

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

904

661

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Antibiotics have been administered to agricultural animals for disease treatment, disease prevention, and growth promotion for over 50 y. The impact of such antibiotic use on the treatment of human diseases is hotly debated. We raised pigs in a highly controlled environment, with one portion of the littermates receiving a diet containing performance-enhancing antibiotics [chlortetracycline, sulfamethazine, and penicillin (known as ASP250)] and the other portion receiving the same diet but without the antibiotics. We used phylogenetic, metagenomic, and quantitative PCR-based approaches to address the impact of antibiotics on the swine gut microbiota. Bacterial phylotypes shifted after 14 d of antibiotic treatment, with the medicated pigs showing an increase in Proteobacteria (1-11%) compared with nonmedicated pigs at the same time point. This shift was driven by an increase in Escherichia coli populations. Analysis of the metagenomes showed that microbial functional genes relating to energy production and conversion were increased in the antibiotic-fed pigs. The results also indicate that antibiotic resistance genes increased in abundance and diversity in the medicated swine microbiome despite a high background of resistance genes in nonmedicated swine. Some enriched genes, such as aminoglycoside O-phosphotransferases, confer resistance to antibiotics that were not administered in this study, demonstrating the potential for indirect selection of resistance to classes of antibiotics not fed. The collateral effects of feeding subtherapeutic doses of antibiotics to agricultural animals are apparent and must be considered in cost-benefit analyses.intestinal microbiota | microbiome shifts | swine bacteria | BioTrove microarray | metagenomics

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

In-feed antibiotic effects on the swine intestinal microbiome

Looft

Johnson

Allen³

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

904

661

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The gene tet(32) was identified in the Clostridiumrelated human colonic anaerobe bacterium K10, which also carried tet(W) (Melville et al, 2001).…”

Section: Ribosomal Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetracyclines in veterinary medicine and bacterial resistance to them

Michalova¹,

PNovotna²,

Schlegelová³

2004

Vet. Med.

117

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Since their discovery in 1945, tetracyclines have been used extensively in the therapy and prophylaxis of infectious diseases and as growth promoters. These wide applications have led to the equally fast spread of tetracycline resistant strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial genera, including strains belonging to pathogenic as well as nonpathogenic species. Nonpathogenic bacteria could act as a reservoir of resistance determinants, which can be disseminated by horizontal transfer into pathogens. More than thirty different tetracycline resistance genes have been characterized. They encode two major mechanisms of resistance: 1 -active efflux of the antibiotic, and 2 -protection of ribosomes. Further mechanisms of tetracycline resistance include enzymatic inactivation of antibiotic, permeability barriers, mutations or multidrug transporter systems. Effective horizontal spread is favoured by the location of tetracycline resistance genes on mobile genetic elements such as plasmids and transposons. Their exchange, enhanced by the use of tetracyclines, is observed between bacteria of the same or different species and genera as well. Thus, questions of reevaluating and global reducing of tetracyclines in human and animal healthcare and food production are extensively discussed.

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“…There have been several reports on the isolation of plasmids from rumen bacterial isolates and the transfer of genes between rumen microbes (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). Plasmids isolated from rumen bacteria have been characterized as having replication and mobilization functions, and some contain accessory genes (25)(26)(27)(28).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the bovine rumen plasmidome

Kav

Sasson

Jami

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

136

115

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Plasmids are self-replicating genetic elements capable of mobilization between different hosts. Plasmids often serve as mediators of lateral gene transfer, a process considered to be a strong and sculpting evolutionary force in microbial environments. Our aim was to characterize the overall plasmid population in the environment of the bovine rumen, which houses a complex and dense microbiota that holds enormous significance for humans. We developed a procedure for the isolation of total rumen plasmid DNA, termed rumen plasmidome, and subjected it to deep sequencing using the Illumina paired-end protocol and analysis using public and custom-made bioinformatics tools. A large number of plasmidome contigs aligned with plasmids of rumen bacteria isolated from different locations and at various time points, suggesting that not only the bacterial taxa, but also their plasmids, are defined by the ecological niche. The bacterial phylum distribution of the plasmidome was different from that of the rumen bacterial taxa. Nevertheless, both shared a dominance of the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. Evidently, the rumen plasmidome is of a highly mosaic nature that can cross phyla. Interestingly, when we compared the functional profile of the rumen plasmidome to two plasmid databases and two recently published rumen metagenomes, it became apparent that the rumen plasmidome codes for functions, which are enriched in the rumen ecological niche and could confer advantages to their hosts, suggesting that the functional profiles of mobile genetic elements are associated with their environment, as has been previously implied for viruses.

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Novel Tetracycline Resistance Gene, tet (32), in the Clostridium -Related Human Colonic Anaerobe K10 and Its Transmission In Vitro to the Rumen Anaerobe Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens

Cited by 71 publications

References 21 publications

In-feed antibiotic effects on the swine intestinal microbiome

In-feed antibiotic effects on the swine intestinal microbiome

Tetracyclines in veterinary medicine and bacterial resistance to them

Insights into the bovine rumen plasmidome

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