“…As one of important green energy-storage devices, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely applied in numerous portable electronic devices [1][2][3]. However, in order to meet high energy storage systems for the ever-growing electrical vehicles (EV), it is still a challenge to design and synthesize effective anode materials for LIBs with high capacity, long cycle life, and good rate capability [4,5]. In recent years, simple transition metal oxides (TMO) such as Mn 3 O 4 [6], Co 3 O 4 [7], ZnO [8], and NiO [9], have been widely researched for high-performance LIB anodes.…”