Novel RNA sequences associated with late male killing in<i>Homona magnanima</i>

Nakanishi, Kotoyoshi; Hoshino, Mayu; Nakai, M.; Kunimi, Yasuhisa

doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0013

Cited by 49 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Viruses have been shown to be capable of such phenotypes [10]; for example, polydnaviruses preventing the larvae of parasitoid wasps from being encapsulated in their host. It seems possible that viral endosymbionts may also act as reproductive manipulators, as in the case of the RNA virus found in the moth H. magnanima that appears to cause late male killing [23]. However, as viral endosymbionts can be transmitted via sperm as well as eggs it means that the complex strategies used by maternally transmitted parasites are not required to spread in host populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wasps normally avoid laying eggs in already parasitized Drosophila larvae (superparasitism), but the virus can suppress this behaviour, increasing the superparasitism rate and therefore the rate of horizontal transmission [21]. In the moth Homona magnanima, what is thought to be a novel type of RNA virus establishes apparently benign infections in females and is transmitted vertically through eggs [23]. In males, it kills larvae late in their development, apparently to release viruses to infect other hosts.…”

Section: The Diversity Of Vertically Transmitted Insect Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vertically transmitted viral endosymbionts of insects: do sigma viruses walk alone?

Longdon

Jiggins

2012

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Insects are host to a wide range of vertically transmitted bacterial endosymbionts, but we know relatively little about their viral counterparts. Here, we discuss the vertically transmitted viral endosymbionts of insects, firstly examining the diversity of this group, and then focusing on the well-studied sigma viruses that infect dipterans. Despite limited sampling, evidence suggests that vertically transmitted viruses may be common in insects. Unlike bacteria, viruses can be transmitted through sperm and eggs, a trait that allows them to rapidly spread through host populations even when infection is costly to the host. Work on Drosophila melanogaster has shown that sigma viruses and their hosts are engaged in a coevolutionary arms race, in which the spread of resistance genes in the host population is followed by the spread of viral genotypes that can overcome host resistance. In the long-term, associations between sigma viruses and their hosts are unstable, and the viruses persist by occasionally switching to new host species. It therefore seems likely that viral endosymbionts have major impacts on the evolution and ecology of insects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Diversity Of Vertically Transmitted Insect Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertically transmitted viral endosymbionts of insects: do sigma viruses walk alone?

Longdon

Jiggins

2012

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…For instance, late male-killers replicate as fast as possible to promote their HT via larval cannibalism or spores released from the infected dead bodies [4,5]. Another MK-like bacterium exhibiting HT is Arsenophonus nasoniae; it infects a wasp Nasonia vitripennis, a pupal parasite of flies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are widespread among insects and are passed to the next generation almost exclusively through the female egg cytoplasm [1][2][3]. Infected males are killed either in their early phase of embryonic development (early MK) or during a late developmental stage (late MK); in the latter case, male death increases the chance of successful horizontal transmission (HT) [4,5]. The MK bacterium thus benefits from vertical transmission (VT) where possible and from HT otherwise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of early male-killing in horizontally transmitted parasites

Bernhauerová

Berec²,

Maxin

2015

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Early male-killing (MK) bacteria are vertically transmitted reproductive parasites which kill male offspring that inherit them. Whereas their incidence is well documented, characteristics allowing originally non-MK bacteria to gradually evolve MK ability remain unclear. We show that horizontal transmission is a mechanism enabling vertically transmitted bacteria to evolve fully efficient MK under a wide range of host and parasite characteristics, especially when the efficacy of vertical transmission is high. We also show that an almost 100% vertically transmitted and 100% effective male-killer may evolve from a purely horizontally transmitted non-MK ancestor, and that a 100% efficient male-killer can form a stable coexistence only with a non-MK bacterial strain. Our findings are in line with the empirical evidence on current MK bacteria, explain their high efficacy in killing infected male embryos and their variability within and across insect taxa, and suggest that they may have evolved independently in phylogenetically distinct species.

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Reproductive Parasitism and Positive Fitness Effects of Heritable Microbes

Drew

Frost

Hurst

2019

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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The classification of host–symbiont relationships is usually defined along the parasitism‐mutualism spectrum. It has long been proposed that transmission route is a key factor driving this, with vertical transmission leading to mutualism and horizontal transmission leading to parasitism. However, uniparental vertical transmission can lead to the evolution of reproductive parasitism, whereby host reproduction is skewed to increase the proportion of females within a population or else to reduce the comparative fitness of uninfected females (to the detriment of overall host fitness). Once discussed separately from beneficial effects and mutualism, we now recognise reproductive parasitism is not exclusive of other symbiont phenotypes. We outline the evolution and relationship of reproductive parasitism with respect to positive fitness effects for hosts, and how these interactions may be dynamic across the parasitism‐mutualism continuum. Key Concepts Exclusive maternal transmission of microbes can create strong selection for reproductive parasitism. Heritable microbes are also selected to confer a range of positive effects on host function and physiology. Where heritable microbes act both as reproductive parasites, and as a positive influence on host function, they are referred to as Jekyll and Hyde symbionts. The presence of positive effects on host function can facilitate the invasion and maintenance of reproductive parasites in host populations. Reproductive parasitism may likewise provide a context in which symbionts may evolve host‐beneficial phenotypes. Symbionts that combine reproductive parasitism with positive effects on host function constitute a useful mechanism for modification of insect host biology in natural populations, coupling a strong gene drive system to a beneficial trait. The presence of multiple phenotypes may aid the spread of heritable microbes through host communities, by enabling host shift events. Lateral transfer of genetic information between microbes can provide the mutational mechanism through which Jekyll and Hyde symbionts arise.

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Novel RNA sequences associated with late male killing inHomona magnanima

Cited by 49 publications

References 24 publications

Vertically transmitted viral endosymbionts of insects: do sigma viruses walk alone?

Vertically transmitted viral endosymbionts of insects: do sigma viruses walk alone?

Evolution of early male-killing in horizontally transmitted parasites

Reproductive Parasitism and Positive Fitness Effects of Heritable Microbes

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