Evolution of early male-killing in horizontally transmitted parasites

Bernhauerová, Veronika; Berec, Luděk; Maxin, Daniel

doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.2068

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Interactions between bacterial lineages within arthropods have been suggested to alter the virulence and population dynamics of the resident bacteria (Magalon et al, 2010 ; Bernhauerová et al, 2015 ; Wood et al, 2016 ). However, only a limited number of large-scale studies pertaining to bacterial communities in ticks and other tick vectors have been conducted to explore these interactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micropathogen Community Analysis in Hyalomma rufipes via High-Throughput Sequencing of Small RNAs

Liu

Ren

Chen

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Ticks are important vectors in the transmission of a broad range of micropathogens to vertebrates, including humans. Because of the role of ticks in disease transmission, identifying and characterizing the micropathogen profiles of tick populations have become increasingly important. The objective of this study was to survey the micropathogens of Hyalomma rufipes ticks. Illumina HiSeq2000 technology was utilized to perform deep sequencing of small RNAs (sRNAs) extracted from field-collected H. rufipes ticks in Gansu Province, China. The resultant sRNA library data revealed that the surveyed tick populations produced reads that were homologous to St. Croix River Virus (SCRV) sequences. We also observed many reads that were homologous to microbial and/or pathogenic isolates, including bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. As part of this analysis, a phylogenetic tree was constructed to display the relationships among the homologous sequences that were identified. The study offered a unique opportunity to gain insight into the micropathogens of H. rufipes ticks. The effective control of arthropod vectors in the future will require knowledge of the micropathogen composition of vectors harboring infectious agents. Understanding the ecological factors that regulate vector propagation in association with the prevalence and persistence of micropathogen lineages is also imperative. These interactions may affect the evolution of micropathogen lineages, especially if the micropathogens rely on the vector or host for dispersal. The sRNA deep-sequencing approach used in this analysis provides an intuitive method to survey micropathogen prevalence in ticks and other vector species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micropathogen Community Analysis in Hyalomma rufipes via High-Throughput Sequencing of Small RNAs

Liu

Ren

Chen

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Finally, we assume q = 1, i.e. that all males infected by male-killing bacteria are killed during embryogenesis; this appears to be a norm (Hurst 1991;Groenenboom & Hogeweg 2002) and has also been shown theoretically to be commonly attained by evolution (Bernhauerova, Berec & Maxin 2015). In Appendix S1 (Supporting information), we provide a detailed derivation of the model (eqn 5).…”

Section: N O N -H E R I T a B L E S T E R I L I T Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Male‐killing bacteria as agents of insect pest control

Berec

Maxin

Bernhauerová

2016

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary Continual effort is needed to reduce the impact of exotic species in the context of increased globalization. Any innovation in this respect would be an asset. We assess the potential of combining two pest control techniques: the well‐established sterile insect technique (SIT) and a novel male‐killing technique (MKT), which comprises inoculation of a pest population with bacteria that kill the infected male embryos. Population models are developed to assess the efficiency of using the MKT for insect pest control, either alone or together with the SIT. We seek for conditions under which the MKT weakens requirements on the SIT. Regarding the SIT, we consider both non‐heritable and inherited sterility. In both cases, the MKT and SIT benefit one another. The MKT may prevent the SIT from failing when not enough sterilized males are released due to high production costs and/or uncertainty on their mating ability following a high irradiation dose. Conversely, with already established SIT, pest eradication can be achieved after introduction of male‐killing bacteria with lower vertical transmission efficiency than if the MKT was applied alone. For tephritid fruit flies with non‐heritable sterility, maximal impact of the SIT is achieved when the released males are fully sterile. Conversely, for lepidopterans with inherited sterility, maximal impact of the SIT is achieved for intermediate irradiation doses. In both cases, increasing vertical transmission efficiency of male‐killing bacteria benefits the SIT; high enough vertical transmission efficiency allows for pest eradication where the SIT is absent or induces only pest suppression when used alone. Synthesis and applications. While both techniques can suppress or eliminate the pest on their own, combined application of the male‐killing technique and the sterile insect technique substantially increases pest control efficiency. If male‐killing bacteria are already established in the pest, any assessment of the sterile insect technique needs to account for their presence; otherwise, management recommendations could be exaggerated and unnecessarily costly.

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“…In a recent theoretical work, Bernhauerova et al . () found that horizontal transmission allows male‐killing parasites with low penetrance to survive, but that these parasites should evolve towards maximum penetrance and vertical transmission. In another study Yamauchi et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these data suggest that the transmission routes of SRDs are more complex than often assumed. Four recent papers have used mathematical modelling to address the issue of the evolutionary impact of horizontal transmission on the evolution of SRD symbionts (Engelstädter & Hurst, ; Yamauchi et al ., ; Ironside et al ., ; Bern‐hauerova et al., ). Most of these studies have focused on the particular case of male‐killing parasites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transmission modes and the evolution of feminizing symbionts

Ferdy

Liu

Sicard

2016

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Vertically transmitted symbionts can distort their host's reproduction to increase their own transmission. In Wolbachia and some other symbionts, a particular distortion of this sort is feminization, whereby genetic males, which cannot transmit symbionts, are converted during development into functional females, which do transmit symbionts when they reproduce. In this work, we propose a model to study how feminization intensity (i.e. penetrance) can evolve under different ecological constraints in WZ/ZZ hosts. More specifically, our model incorporates both imperfect vertical and horizontal transmission modes. The model shows that for most parameter values feminizing symbionts drive genetic females to extinction, which in turn favours the evolution of maximum feminization penetrance. Once genetic females are extinct, the actual value of feminization penetrance never depends on the efficiency of vertical transmission. Instead, the model shows that in conditions where the reproductive rate is high at demographic equilibrium, higher feminization levels are favoured. One consequence of this can be, for example, that evolutionarily stable feminization penetrance increases with the host's natural death rate, just as the virulence is predicted to do with the host's natural death rate in classic epidemiological models. Finally, we found that horizontal transmission had no impact on how feminization penetrance evolved when genetic females were extinct. However, horizontal transmission can permit genetic females to coexist with symbionts and, in this case, we demonstrate that the presence of genetic females selects symbionts for lower feminization penetrance.

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Evolution of early male-killing in horizontally transmitted parasites

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

Micropathogen Community Analysis in Hyalomma rufipes via High-Throughput Sequencing of Small RNAs

Micropathogen Community Analysis in Hyalomma rufipes via High-Throughput Sequencing of Small RNAs

Male‐killing bacteria as agents of insect pest control

Transmission modes and the evolution of feminizing symbionts

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