Novel risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in young women

Bloemenkamp, Daisy G.M; Bosch, Maurice A.A.J. van den; Mali, W. P. T. M.; Tanis, Bea C.; Rosendaal, Frits R.; Kemmeren, Jeanet M.; Algra, Ale; Visseren, Frank L.J.; Graaf, Yolanda van der

doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(02)01258-5

Cited by 51 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…75 To put this in perspective, the differences between the 25th and 75th percentiles of tHcy among controls in the Physician's Health Study and a study of women in the Netherlands were between 3.5 and 4.0 mmol/L. 39,76 The 5-mmol/L difference noted above is, therefore, not unreasonable as the difference between low and high tHcy levels in the population. In that light, an odds ratio of 6.8 might make homocysteine the single most powerful risk factor for PAD.…”

Section: Homocysteinementioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Peripheral Artery Disease

Criqui

Aboyans

2015

Circulation Research

1,326

961

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New data on the epidemiology of peripheral artery disease (PAD) are available, and they should be integrated with previous data. We provide an updated, integrated overview of the epidemiology of PAD, a focused literature review was conducted on the epidemiology of PAD. The PAD results were grouped into symptoms, diagnosis, prevalence, and incidence both in the United States and globally, risk factors, progression, coprevalence with other atherosclerotic disease, and association with incident cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The most common symptom of PAD is intermittent claudication, but noninvasive measures, such as the anklebrachial index, show that asymptomatic PAD is several times more common in the population than intermittent claudication. PAD prevalence and incidence are both sharply age-related, rising >10% among patients in their 60s and 70s. With aging of the global population, it seems likely that PAD will be increasingly common in the future. Prevalence seems to be higher among men than women for more severe or symptomatic disease. The major risk factors for PAD are similar to those for coronary and cerebrovascular disease, with some differences in the relative importance of factors. Smoking is a particularly strong risk factor for PAD, as is diabetes mellitus, and several newer risk markers have shown independent associations with PAD. PAD is strongly associated with concomitant coronary and cerebrovascular diseases. After adjustment for known cardiovascular disease risk factors, PAD is associated with an increased risk of incident coronary and cerebrovascular disease morbidity and mortality.

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Section: Homocysteinementioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Peripheral Artery Disease

Criqui

Aboyans

2015

Circulation Research

1,326

961

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“…Inflammation plays a role in the initiation and progression of PAD, and in coronary artery disease (CAD) (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). There are several candidate inflammatory markers, including traditional risk factors that play a pro-atherogenic role, at least in part, through an inflammatory mechanism.…”

Section: Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other conditions that promote a systemic inflammatory response and may predispose the arterial vessels of the lower limbs to atherosclerosis are infections and systemic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Whatever the inflammatory trigger, a large number of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have demonstrated a close link between inflammation and PAD (23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). Notably, each of the inflammatory molecules investigated in these studies is not simply a marker of inflammation but plays an active role in peripheral atherogenesis (46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53).…”

Section: Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammation and peripheral arterial disease: The value of circulating biomarkers (Review)

Signorelli

Fiore

Malaponte

2014

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

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“…The relationship between CRP and PAD risk has also been demonstrated in young healthy women. 20 The Physician's Health Study also showed that elevated levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, but not of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, are independently associated with the development of PAD. 21 In analyses adjusted for age and smoking (2 major risk factors for PAD), the odds ratio in the highest compared with the lowest quartile of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was 3.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7 to 8.6).…”

Section: Inflammation and Risk Of Developing Padmentioning

confidence: 99%