Novel Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Genotype ON1 Predominates in Germany during Winter Season 2012–13

Tabatabai, Julia; Prifert, Christiane; Pfeil, Johannes; Grulich‐Henn, Jürgen; Schnitzler, Paul

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109191

Cited by 103 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The ectodomain of G contains two hypervariable regions separated by a putative receptor binding domain that is conserved in both RSV-A and RSV-B. The second C-terminal hypervariable region (HVR2) is sufficient for distinguishing between subtypes and has thus been used by the majority of studies investigating RSV genetic diversity (190,(193)(194)(195)(196)(197)(198)(199)(200)(201)(202)(203)(204). More recently, whole genome sequencing has also been applied to RSV strains from various clinical settings (188,189,191,192), adding valuable information to our understanding of RSV evolution.…”

Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2010, an NA1 variant with a 72 nucleotide duplication in HVR2 was identified in Ontario, Canada (genotype ON1) (203,207). ON1 and similar NA1 variants with the large duplication have since been reported worldwide, although they have yet to replace GA2, NA1 and GA5 in the population (192,194,195,197,198,202,203,215,216).…”

Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recent studies comparing disease severity between genotypes have also been inconclusive, with some studies finding no difference in severity measures between circulating RSV-A and RSV-B strains (200,202,220), and others finding increased severity in RSV-A genotypes (221,222).…”

Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ON1 has been reported to be associated with increased ARI severity (223), reduced severity (195,197) and no difference between ON1 and other circulating RSV strains (202).…”

Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. pneumoniae colonisation of the URT has been shown to vary between different serotypes and strains (76,242). Previous epidemiological studies of ARI have described the genetic diversity of RSV based on G (190,(193)(194)(195)(196)(197)(198)(199)(200)(201)(202)(203)(204). Studies of serotype distribution and genetic diversity of S. pneumoniae during asymptomatic carriage and disease have also been performed (75, 76, 79-81, 227, 245, 247, 250, 287), and some studies of paediatric LRT infections have reported pneumococcal serotypes in addition to respiratory virus and bacteria detections (99,104,228,(288)(289)(290).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viral/bacterial respiratory tract co-infections in children

Brealey¹

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most significant cause of paediatric acute respiratory infection (ARI). RSV and other respiratory viruses are commonly co-detected with potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, in the upper airways of young children.While these bacteria are known to be carried asymptomatically, they are also capable of opportunistic infections. Interactions between RSV and S. pneumoniae have been demonstrated in both clinical and molecular studies. However, the clinical significance of these interactions remains debated, and the effect of clinically relevant strain variation in both virus and bacteria on these interactions is also unknown. This work aimed to better understand the role of S. pneumoniae colonisation during RSV infections.To determine the effect of RSV and S. pneumoniae co-detection on disease severity during ARI, molecular pathogen screening of nasopharyngeal samples was conducted in a cohort of young children under the age of two years presenting with ARI at the emergency department of the Royal Brisbane Children's Hospital, Australia. S. pneumoniae was co-detected in approximately 52% of RSV infections, and co-detection was associated with increased disease severity, suggesting that S. pneumoniae plays a pathogenic role in severe paediatric RSV infections.Having established a clinical role for S. pneumoniae during RSV infection, the dynamics of pneumococcal colonisation of the nasal cavity was investigated in the four weeks prior and subsequent to an RSV infection in a longitudinal birth cohort of Brisbane-based children.Approximately 33% of infants and young children with RSV infections were colonised by S. pneumoniae prior to the RSV detection, and strain characterisation of S. pneumoniae in the weeks immediately surrounding the viral infection suggested that any observed growth of S. pneumoniae during RSV infection arose from the pre-existing strain colonising the URT. In another 14% of RSV infections, S. pneumoniae was first detected during the virus infection, suggesting simultaneous acquisition of RSV and S. pneumoniae and possible co-transmission of the two pathogens.The results from the two paediatric cohorts suggested an interaction between RSV and S.pneumoniae that was advantageous to the bacteria. It was therefore hypothesised that the molecular mechanisms governing RSV and S. pneumoniae interactions might be pneumococcal strain-specific and stronger in strains frequently co-detected with RSV. Studies have shown that RSV can increase S. pneumoniae colonisation by enhancing pneumococcal adherence to airway epithelia, and virions iii can bind directly to the bacterium to form co-pathogen complexes. These interactions are in part mediated through the binding interactions between S. pneumoniae surface receptors and the RSV G surface glycoprotein. RSV G is highly variable, both antigenically and genetically, and is the main protein used to type RSV into subtypes A and B. The genetic variation of RSV G was characterised from nasophar...

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Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ON1 has been reported to be associated with increased ARI severity (223), reduced severity (195,197) and no difference between ON1 and other circulating RSV strains (202).…”

Section: Genetic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viral/bacterial respiratory tract co-infections in children

Brealey¹

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Epidemiology and genetic characterization of respiratory syncytial virus in children with acute respiratory infections: Findings from the influenza sentinel surveillance network in Central African Republic, 2015 to 2018

Komoyo

Yambiyo

Manirakiza

et al. 2021

Health Science Reports

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Background and aims Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the main viral pathogens causing acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age but has seldom been studied in Central African Republic (CAF). Taking advantage of the national influenza surveillance network in CAF, this study aimed at providing the first insights into RSV prevalence and seasonality over 4 years of surveillance and the clinical manifestations of RSV in this population in CAF. Methods A total of 3903 children under 5 years matching the influenza‐like illness (ILI, 68.5%) or severe acute respiratory infection (SARI, 31.5%) case definitions were recruited from January 2015 to December 2018. The presence of RSV viral RNA in nasopharyngeal samples was assessed by RT‐PCR, followed by RSV‐A and RSV‐B typing and Sanger sequencing on a subset of samples. Phylogenetic analyses were carried on partial G protein sequences. Associations between RSV and demographic or clinical manifestations were investigated by statistical analyses. Results RSV prevalence was significantly higher in infants <6 months (13.4%), in hospitalized children (13.3% vs 5.5%) and in male patients (9.5% vs 6.4%). An overall prevalence of RSV of 8.0% in the period of 2015 to 2018 was shown, with significant annual (6.4%‐10.6%) and seasonal (12.7% in rainy season vs 3.0% in dry season) fluctuations. While RSV seasons in 2015, 2016, and 2018 were relatively similar, 2017 showed deviations from the overall patterns with significantly higher RSV circulation and an outbreak peak 3 to 5 months earlier. Concomitant circulation of RSV‐A and RSV‐B with an alternating predominance of RSV‐A and RSV‐B strains and temporal RSV‐A genotype replacement from NA1 to ON1 was observed. Conclusion This study represents the first in‐depth epidemiological analysis of RSV in CAF and provides first insights into RSV genetic diversity and seasonality in the country.

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Alternate circulation and genetic variation of human respiratory syncytial virus genotypes in Chengdu, West China, 2009‐2014

Zheng

Chen

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Virology

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Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a major pathogen that causes worldwide seasonal epidemic disease in infants due to its genetic variations. However, published information on the molecular epidemiology of HRSV was never reported particularly in Chengdu of West China. During five consecutive seasons (from 2009 to 2014), 433 (23.7%) of 1827 samples from hospitalized patients were identified as HRSV positive. Epidemiological characteristics of HRSV revealed that subtype A viruses (62.7%) prevailed in the first three epidemic seasons and faded in the next two seasons, while subtype B viruses (37.3%) kept circulating in five epidemic periods. According to the phylogenetic analysis of glycoprotein (G) gene, five HRSV genotypes NA1, ON1, BA9, BA-C, and CB1 were found in Chengdu. The predominant circulating genotype changed from NA1 in the period of 2010-2012 to BA9 of 2013-2014. The newly emerging ON1 was first reported in West China in October 2013. The early genotypes BA-C and CB1 were replaced by the prevailing BA9 after the third epidemic peak. Genetic mutations in glycosylation sites of G protein were found in HRSV variants, suggesting the virus is able to escape the immune recognition and attack. This study elucidated the local HRSV epidemic was associated with the alternate circulation of multiple genotypes and with the change of glycosylation sites of G protein. J. Med. Virol. 89:32-40, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Novel Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Genotype ON1 Predominates in Germany during Winter Season 2012–13

Cited by 103 publications

References 39 publications

Viral/bacterial respiratory tract co-infections in children

Viral/bacterial respiratory tract co-infections in children

Epidemiology and genetic characterization of respiratory syncytial virus in children with acute respiratory infections: Findings from the influenza sentinel surveillance network in Central African Republic, 2015 to 2018

Alternate circulation and genetic variation of human respiratory syncytial virus genotypes in Chengdu, West China, 2009‐2014

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