Novel Reassortant Clade 2.3.4.4 Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus in Wild Aquatic Birds, Russia, 2016

Lee, Dong‐Hun; Sharshov, Kirill; Swayne, David E.; Kurskaya, Olga; Sobolev, Ivan; Kabilov, Мarsel R.; Alekseev, Alexander; Ирза, В. Н.; Шестопалов, А. М.

doi:10.3201/eid2302.161252

Cited by 114 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The lower genetic diversity observed in 2016–17 was accompanied by reassortment of all gene segments, as shown in previous studies ( 8 , 24 , 25 ). The high reassortment observed in the 2016–17 epizootic also resulted in novel NA reassortants such as the H5N6 and H5N5 viruses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The hemagglutinin (HA) gene of this virus was considered phylogenetically distinct from the previous 2014 clade 2.3.4.4 viruses and was nominally suffixed by A (the 2016 clade) or B (the 2014 clade ( 8 ) but this subclade definition requires verification by the World Health Organization H5 nomenclature group. We describe the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of the 3 major wild-bird mediated epizootics in Europe associated with the Guangdong HPAI H5 lineage.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparison of 2016–17 and Previous Epizootics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Guangdong Lineage in Europe

Alarcón¹,

Brouwer²,

Venkatesh³

et al. 2018

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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We analyzed the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 epizootic of 2016–17 in Europe by epidemiologic and genetic characteristics and compared it with 2 previous epizootics caused by the same H5 Guangdong lineage. The 2016–17 epizootic was the largest in Europe by number of countries and farms affected and greatest diversity of wild birds infected. We observed significant differences among the 3 epizootics regarding region affected, epidemic curve, seasonality, and outbreak duration, making it difficult to predict future HPAI epizootics. However, we know that in 2005–06 and 2016–17 the initial peak of wild bird detections preceded the peak of poultry outbreaks within Europe. Phylogenetic analysis of 2016–17 viruses indicates 2 main pathways into Europe. Our findings highlight the need for global surveillance of viral changes to inform disease preparedness, detection, and control.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of 2016–17 and Previous Epizootics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Guangdong Lineage in Europe

Alarcón¹,

Brouwer²,

Venkatesh³

et al. 2018

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Discussion HPAI virus subtype H5N8 was first confirmed in dead mute swans in east Croatia in late October 2016 and the epidemic spread within following winter months among wild birds throughout inland Croatia. The virus is closely related to novel reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 group B H5N8 virus which was detected in wild migratory birds at the Qinghai Lake, China and Russia-Mongolia border already in spring 2016 (LEE et al, 2017, LI et al, 2017, followed by detection in autumn in poultry in European Russia (MARCHENKO et al, 2017) and wild birds and poultry in other European countries (POHLMANN et al, 2017). This dissemination of the virus from Asia to Europe was attributed to aquatic bird migration, as was the case with H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 group A virus when it spread worldwide in 2014-2015 by long-distance migratory birds (GLOBAL CONSORTIUM FOR H5N8, 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…8). The MP segment was most likely acquired from LPAI viruses circulating in Mongolia (LEE et al, 2017;LI et al, 2017) before recent H5N5 viruses have separated from recent H5N8 viruses. Similarly, the PA segment of recent Croatian H5N5 isolates clusters with H5N8 viruses from Qinghai Lake, Russia-Mongolia border and some European countries, but is clearly different from their HA segment precursor (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 avian influenza A(H5N5) virus in wild birds and poultry, Croatia, 2016-2017

Savić

2017

Vet. arhiv

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) causes flock mortality as high as 100% in susceptible poultry species but it also poses a threat for humans, particularly viruses of A/goose/Guangdong/96-like (GD/96) lineage. The emergence of novel HPAI viruses in migratory birds is of concern because of the potential for virus spread during migration. In late 2016, novel GD/96 reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 group B avian influenza H5N5 virus was detected in wild birds and domestic poultry in Croatia, concurrently with numerous detections of H5N8 virus of the same clade and group. Sequencing of the full genome of the H5N8 index case isolate (October 2016) and of all three H5N5 isolates (December 2016 -March 2017) has shown that the novel H5N5 reassortant virus most likely emerged as a result of complex reassortment process in Asia from HPAI H5N8 viruses after the later viruses have became established in wild bird population. Concurrent findings of both, H5N5 and H5N8 viruses, at the same locations in Croatia indicate that the H5N5 reassortant virus was introduced from Asia as a subpopulation of H5N8 viruses by the same wild bird flyways. Although the novel H5N5 reassortant virus possesses haemagglutinin of the GD/96 lineage, the virus genome has typical avian virus traits. Apart from mutations T215A in M1 protein and P42S in NS1 protein which are associated to increased virulence in mice, none of the mutations related to increased affinity to human-type (α-2,6) receptors and mammalian host adaptation were found. Nevertheless, the virus poses a serious threat to the poultry industry since high pathogenicity for gallinaceous birds was confirmed by high intravenous pathogenicity index (2.87).

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“…In September 2016, the FAO empres watch (FAO, 2016) published an alert on the detection of a "Goose/Guangdong/96 lineage H5N8 HPAI of clade 2.3.4.4" in migratory water birds at Lake Ubsu-Nur in the Russian Federation (Lee et al, 2017). Hungary reported the first outbreak in wild birds on October 19, 2016(OIE, 2016 and the first outbreak in poultry on November 1, 2016 (OIE, 2016).…”

Section: Chronology Of the Outbreak And Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N8 in November 2016 in Wild Birds in Switzerland

Meier¹,

Hüssy²,

Hofmann³

et al. 2017

SAT

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Novel Reassortant Clade 2.3.4.4 Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus in Wild Aquatic Birds, Russia, 2016

Cited by 114 publications

References 9 publications

Comparison of 2016–17 and Previous Epizootics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Guangdong Lineage in Europe

Comparison of 2016–17 and Previous Epizootics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Guangdong Lineage in Europe

Novel reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 avian influenza A(H5N5) virus in wild birds and poultry, Croatia, 2016-2017

Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N8 in November 2016 in Wild Birds in Switzerland

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