Novel Reaction Kinetic Model for Anionic Polyamide‐6

Teuwen, Julie J.E.; Geenen, Ab A. van; Bersee, H.E.N.

doi:10.1002/mame.201100457

Cited by 21 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…[12] will be used to predict the thermal behaviour through the thickness of the laminate, the reactive resin system used in this study is the same as described in ref. [12] a reactive resin mixture, which consists of three components: the anionic polymerisation grade e-caprolactam monomer, activator C and initiator M, both in a concentration of 1.2 mol%. A coarse weave E-glass fabric is used to reinforce the APA-6 composites having a high permeability for ease of infusion and a sizing not changing the reaction behaviour (supplied by Ten Cate Advanced Composites).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The test set-up for the semi-adiabatic polymerisation is described in ref. [12] To simulate the effect of the residence time on the reaction, the beaker which is filled with the reactive mixture, is placed in an oil bath which is set to the same temperature as the mini mixing unit (MMU) (115 8C). After 5 or 20 min, the beaker is placed into the second oil bath set to a higher temperature (140, 150 or 160 8C) for the polymerisation reaction to take place, simulating the heating phase of thick laminates by contact heating.…”

Section: Semi-adiabatic Polymerisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperature measurements are done as described in ref. [12] and repeated twice. The temperature measurements are compared with those corresponding to the reaction kinetics of the resin without any residence time in the buffer vessel.…”

Section: Semi-adiabatic Polymerisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the prediction of the temperature distribution through the thickness and its evolution in time as well as the uniformity through the thickness will be investigated in this paper. Therefore, a 1-D conductive heat transfer model will be coupled with the kinetic model for APA-6, as defined by Teuwen et al, [12] which will be expanded in Section 4.2. Experiments will be used to validate the model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature Evolution During Processing of Thick‐Walled Anionic Polyamide 6 Composites: Experiment and Simulation

Teuwen

Geenen

Bersee

2012

Macro Materials & Eng

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A 1‐D through‐the‐thickness transient heat transfer model is built to simulate the curing process of thick‐walled glass‐fibre‐reinforced anionic polyamide‐6 (APA‐6) composites. The temperature and the degree of polymerisation through the thickness of the composite are calculated and compared to the experimentally obtained results. The kinetic models describing the polymerisation behaviour of APA‐6 are implemented in the model. The kinetic model not taking into account the convection in the polymerisation process shows the best results. It is found that the predicted temperature profiles agree well with the experimental data. magnified image

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Semi-adiabatic Polymerisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Semi-adiabatic Polymerisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Temperature Evolution During Processing of Thick‐Walled Anionic Polyamide 6 Composites: Experiment and Simulation

Teuwen

Geenen

Bersee

2012

Macro Materials & Eng

Self Cite

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“…The equations describing the temperature dependency and the values of material properties are taken from [10] and [11].…”

Section: Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interest of a Rheokinetic Study for the Development of Thermoplastic Composites by T-RTM

Thomassey¹,

Revol²,

Ruch³

et al. 2017

ujms

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Until today, thermosetting polymer based composites were predominant, but are faced with environmental rules more stringent (COV, recyclability...). Thermoplastic composites are a good answer to the evolution of environmental rules, and have an increased need due to their improved properties compared to thermosets. One thermoplastic process route offered is the injection of monomers with a low viscosity (around 10mPa.s): Thermoplastic-Resin Transfer Molding (T-RTM). Currently, reactive thermoplastics are not technically matured for industrial applications. Indeed, their chemistry and rheology especially in the presence of fibers are not well studied and understood. The reaction time is the most crucial parameter for a well-controlled injection and the viscosity should stay low until full impregnation is achieved. The other point is the reaction kinetics. The faster the reaction, the more reaction heat is released in less time which results in overheating in the center of very thick parts. In a first approach the pure polymer is investigated. To better understand the reaction time during an injection process, rheological measurements were achieved at different shear rates and temperatures. In parallel, the reaction kinetics through the exothermic reaction during polymerization are modelled and experimentally verified.

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Isothermal anionic polymerization of ε‐caprolactam to polyamide‐6: Kinetic modeling and application for production process

Kurt,

Bratzdrum,

Chaloupka

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The in‐situ anionic polymerization of ε‐caprolactam (ε‐CL) to polyamide‐6 enables the production of large, near net shape fiber reinforced composites by thermoplastic resin transfer molding. For the propagation of the flow front as well as for the progress of the solidification, the simultaneous processes of polymerization and crystallization and the corresponding reaction kinetics play a central role. To investigate these processes, preparation of reactive mixtures consisting of ε‐CL, activator, and initiator was carried out under inert atmosphere. A solvent‐based activator and initiator were used, which hardly have been studied in the literature so far. In analogy to the resin transfer molding process, quasi‐isothermal differential scanning calorimetry measurements were performed at various temperatures and the released enthalpy and the degree of crystallization were determined. From these isothermal measurements, a two‐stage semi‐empirical kinetic model was established for a solvent‐based system for the first time, which reproduces the experimental data with high precision. To apply the obtained kinetic model to a thermoplastic resin transfer molding process it was finally correlated to dielectric sensor data, allowing real‐time prediction of the total conversion.

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Novel Reaction Kinetic Model for Anionic Polyamide‐6

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Temperature Evolution During Processing of Thick‐Walled Anionic Polyamide 6 Composites: Experiment and Simulation

Temperature Evolution During Processing of Thick‐Walled Anionic Polyamide 6 Composites: Experiment and Simulation

Interest of a Rheokinetic Study for the Development of Thermoplastic Composites by T-RTM

Isothermal anionic polymerization of ε‐caprolactam to polyamide‐6: Kinetic modeling and application for production process

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