Novel Polymer Composites with High Optical Gain Based on Pseudo-Photorefraction

Lee, Jongwoo; Mun, Jae‐Kyoung; Yoon, Choon Sup; Lee, Kwang-Sup; Park, Jung-Ki

doi:10.1002/1521-4095(20020116)14:2<144::aid-adma144>3.0.co;2-f

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Recently, it has been reported that the asymmetric two beam coupling was occurred in the unpoled centrosymmetric azo-dye doped silica-gel composites with photosensitizer and photoconductor of carbazole derivative type [5], polymer composites containing hemicyanine dye [6] and monolithic molecular glass with electron acceptor and donor moieties in the molecule [7] without applying external electric field. We reported that PVCz/NPP/Plasticizer/ TNF system gave large optical gain of 224 cm À1 due to asymmetric beam coupling, and high diffraction of ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric energy transfer and optical diffraction in novel molecular glass with carbazole moiety

2006

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric energy transfer and optical diffraction in novel molecular glass with carbazole moiety

2006

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“…Thus, optical gain due to asymmetric energy transfer usually occurs in non‐centrosymmetric media in the presence of an external electric field. However, there have been several reports of asymmetric two‐beam coupling in the absence of an applied external electric field for carbazole‐based PR polymers, azobenzene derivatives in matrices and carbazole–azobenzene monolithic compound‐based PR polymers . Asymmetric two‐beam coupling has also been reported in high‐ T g non‐poled PR polymers with carbazole and azobenzene moieties as pendant groups .…”

Section: Two‐beam Coupling In a Centrosymmetric Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in photorefractive and photoactive polymers for holographic applications

Tsutsumi

2016

Polymer International

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The current state-of-the-art of photorefractive and photoactive polymers for holographic applications is summarized and reviewed. Photorefractive polymers and some kinds of photoactive materials based on the azobenzene chromophore have great potential for updatable holographic applications. Updatable three-dimensional holographic displays of large size have been developed using photorefractive polymers as well as photoactive azobenzene materials. Time responses of photorefractive polymers of the order of seconds and hundreds of milliseconds are currently improved to be of the order of milliseconds to hundreds of microseconds with high diffraction efficiency and high optical gain.

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“…Thus, usual asymmetric energy transfer occurs in the presence of an external electric field. However, several reports on asymmetric two-beam-coupling gains without the application of an external electric field have been reported for carbazole-based PR polymers, 93,94,111,112 azobenzene derivatives in matrices 113 and carbazole-azobenzene monolithic compound-based PR polymers. [114][115][116] Asymmetric two-beam coupling has also been reported in high T g non-poled PR polymers with carbazole and azobenzene moieties as pendant groups.…”

Section: Pr Response In a Centrosymmetric Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular design of photorefractive polymers

Tsutsumi

2016

Polym J

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This review article describes the current state-of-the-art research on organic photorefractive polymer composites. A historical background on photorefractive materials is first introduced and is followed by a discussion on the opto-physical aspects and the mechanism of photorefractivity. The molecular design of photorefractive polymers and organic compounds is discussed, followed by a discussion on optical applications of the photorefractive polymers. Polymer Journal (2016) 48, 571-588; doi:10.1038/pj.2015.131; published online 27 January 2016 BACKGROUND In this report, the molecular design of organic photorefractive (PR) polymers is reviewed. Organic PR polymers are materials that possess both electro-optical and photoconductive properties. Research on photoconductive polymers, whose pioneering polymer is poly(N-vinyl carbazole) (PVK, PVCz), began in the 1960s. From the 1980s, research on organic nonlinear optical (NLO) materials has been widely conducted in the fields of organic electro-optics and optical nonlinearity. From the 1990s, new technology using organic photorefractivity combined with photoconductive and electro-optical properties was introduced in the field of organic semiconducting materials, 1 and organic light-emitting diodes 2-6 and organic fieldeffect transistors 7 were also debuted in this field. At the same time, the interest of researchers also turned toward the development of organic photovoltaic cells and organic solar cells. [8][9][10][11] The transport of charge carriers through photoconductive manifolds is a common phenomenon found in PR, organic light-emitting diode or organic photovoltaic materials. Thus, the development of materials in each field is expected to merge together to trigger the development of novel materials.The PR effect is a well-known phenomenon that is observed in materials in which refractive index modulation is induced by the space-charge field that results from the redistribution of positive and negative charge carriers separated through photo-excitation. 12 This phenomenon was first reported in inorganic crystals of lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) and lithium tantalate (LiTaO 3 ) and was observed through heterogeneous optically induced refractive indices in 1966. 13 Since then, the PR effect has extensively been investigated in many inorganic crystals, and theoretical approaches have been established to explain this phenomenon. 14 In 1991, 1 the first study of PR polymers reported a low diffraction efficiency of 10 −3 to 1% and a small optical gain of 0.33 cm À1 . In 1994, 15 a high diffraction efficiency of 86% (the remaining 14% was attributed to optical losses) and a large optical gain exceeding 200 cm À1 was reported in photoconductive PVK-based PR composites. Over the past two decades, many featured review articles [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] and book

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Novel Polymer Composites with High Optical Gain Based on Pseudo-Photorefraction

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

Asymmetric energy transfer and optical diffraction in novel molecular glass with carbazole moiety

Asymmetric energy transfer and optical diffraction in novel molecular glass with carbazole moiety

Recent advances in photorefractive and photoactive polymers for holographic applications

Molecular design of photorefractive polymers

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