Novel photodynamic coating reduces the bioburden on near-patient surfaces thereby reducing the risk for onward pathogen transmission: a field study in two hospitals

Eichner, Anja; Holzmann, Thomas; Eckl, Daniel Bernhard; Zeman, Florian; Koller, Martin; Huber, Michael; Pemmerl, Sylvia; Schneider-Brachert, Wulf; Bäumler, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2019.07.016

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It is crucial to understand how ions influence PDI since a major aim is the application of photodynamic inactivation in environments outside the laboratory. Future fields of application include the treatment of wastewater [43,44], the disinfection of drinking water [45,46], decontamination of food [47], the reduction of the bacterial load on surfaces [48] or the decolonization of skin [49]. However, ions are not only included in environmental photodynamic inactivation, but sometimes even in vitro studies often use phosphate buffered saline or culture medium for PDI experiments that contain various ions or inhibitory substances [50][51][52].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay of phosphate and carbonate ions with flavin photosensitizers in photodynamic inactivation of bacteria

et al. 2021

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Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of pathogenic bacteria is a promising technology in different applications. Thereby, a photosensitizer (PS) absorbs visible light and transfers the energy to oxygen yielding reactive oxygen species (ROS). The produced ROS are then capable of killing microorganisms via oxidative damage of cellular constituents. Among other PS, some flavins are capable of producing ROS and cationic flavins are already successfully applied in PDI. When PDI is used for example on tap water, PS like flavins will encounter various ions and other small organic molecules which might hamper the efficacy of PDI. Thus, the impact of carbonate and phosphate ions on PDI using two different cationic flavins (FLASH-02a, FLASH-06a) was investigated using Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as model organisms. Both were inactivated in vitro at a low light exposure of 0.72 J cm-2. Upon irradiation, FLASH-02a reacts to single substances in the presence of carbonate or phosphate, whereas the photochemical reaction for FLASH-06a was more unspecific. DPBF-assays indicated that carbonate and phosphate ions decreased the generation of singlet oxygen of both flavins. Both microorganisms could be easily inactivated by at least one PS with up to 6 log10 steps of cell counts in low ion concentrations. Using the constant radiation exposure of 0.72 J cm-2, the inactivation efficacy decreased somewhat at medium ion concentrations but reached almost zero for high ion concentrations. Depending on the application of PDI, the presence of carbonate and phosphate ions is unavoidable. Only upon light irradiation such ions may attack the PS molecule and reduce the efficacy of PDI. Our results indicate concentrations for carbonate and phosphate, in which PDI can still lead to efficient reduction of bacterial cells when using flavin based PS.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay of phosphate and carbonate ions with flavin photosensitizers in photodynamic inactivation of bacteria

et al. 2021

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“…Recent studies already proved that antimicrobial coatings can reduce bacterial contamination of these surfaces potentially reducing infection risks. [5] We could demonstrate that introduction of antimicrobially active substances into 3-D printing material is feasible and enables production of antimicrobially active plastic components for nearly every purpose and application. We were able to print any geometric structure with an incorporated thus genuine antimicrobial activity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of antimicrobial substances in 3-D printed plastics

Buhl¹,

Vogt²,

Stich³

et al. 2020

Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering

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The risk of healthcare associated infections (HAI) is rising with the utilization of more complex medical devices. Cleaning and disinfecting measures of such devices are often insufficient leading to an increased microbiological contamination on these devices. Recent studies imply that antimicrobial coatings could present a solution for this topic. In this work a novel approach for the introduction of an antimicrobial technology into plastic granulate was tested. After 3-D printing the antimicrobial activity of the test samples was analysed. Our results show that the integration of an antimicrobial substance to ABS plastic is feasible only with sophisticated plastic processing technologies. Simple heating or mixing of the substance did not allow integration of the antimicrobial substance into the 3-D printed sample, but it was possible to integrate the antimicrobial ingredient into the raw material by compounding. The printed test samples showed strong antimicrobial activity in the standardized test procedures.

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“…However, first studies show a significant reduction of microbial burden of surfaces in routine clinical settings. [5] Likewise, many questions regarding the mechanisms of action and their modification in routine use have not yet been clarified. Possible losses of efficacy through repeated reprocessing by cleaning and disinfection could be caused by chemical reactions of the antimicrobial coating with the disinfectant or simply the wear of the surface created by mechanical forces during cleaning and disinfection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability and stability of antimicrobial coated surfaces

Buhl¹,

Peter²,

Stich³

et al. 2020

Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering

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Antimicrobial surface coating of i.e. medical devices could contribute to infection prevention and reduction of hospital acquired infections (HAI). Recent studies showed a significant reduction in the microbial contamination of antimicrobial coated surfaces in clinical setups. Nevertheless, there are only few publications available that deal with the durability and stability of these coatings under routine clinical conditions. In this work different antimicrobial coating compositions were tested on different surfaces for their durability and remaining antimicrobial activity. Our results show that the durability and stability of a subsequent applied antimicrobial coating is strongly dependent on the chemical formulation of the coating and also the underlying surface condition. Whereas we could still detect remaining antimicrobial coating and activity on some samples after repeated abrasion testing, some other samples lost their coating and activity after only a few abrasion cycles. Interestingly the integrated antimicrobial substance in the 3-D printed samples showed strong antimicrobial activity even after rough treatment of the surfaces (brushing, scratching).

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Novel photodynamic coating reduces the bioburden on near-patient surfaces thereby reducing the risk for onward pathogen transmission: a field study in two hospitals

Cited by 27 publications

References 36 publications

Interplay of phosphate and carbonate ions with flavin photosensitizers in photodynamic inactivation of bacteria

Interplay of phosphate and carbonate ions with flavin photosensitizers in photodynamic inactivation of bacteria

Integration of antimicrobial substances in 3-D printed plastics

Durability and stability of antimicrobial coated surfaces

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