Novel Parvoviruses from Wild and Domestic Animals in Brazil Provide New Insights into Parvovirus Distribution and Diversity

Abstract

Parvoviruses (family Parvoviridae) are small, single-stranded DNA viruses. Many parvoviral pathogens of medical, veterinary and ecological importance have been identified. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to investigate the diversity of parvoviruses infecting wild and domestic animals in Brazil. We identified 21 parvovirus sequences (including twelve nearly complete genomes and nine partial genomes) in samples derived from rodents, bats, opossums, birds and cattle in Pernambuco, São Paulo, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul states. These sequences were investigated using phylogenetic and distance-based approaches and were thereby classified into eight parvovirus species (six of which have not been described previously), representing six distinct genera in the subfamily Parvovirinae. Our findings extend the known biogeographic range of previously characterized parvovirus species and the known host range of three parvovirus genera (Dependovirus, Aveparvovirus and Tetraparvovirus). Moreover, our investigation provides a window into the ecological dynamics of parvovirus infections in vertebrates, revealing that many parvovirus genera contain well-defined sub-lineages that circulate widely throughout the world within particular taxonomic groups of hosts.

Avian parvovirus: classification, phylogeny, pathogenesis and diagnosis

“…A novel parvovirus, identified in samples derived from wild pigeons and pileated finches, showed a close relationship with chicken and turkey parvoviruses. These investigations suggested that viruses belonging to the Aveparvovirus genus may circulate widely among avian species, including both wild and domestic birds (Phan et al, 2013, de Souza et al, 2018.…”

“…Unlike other parvoviruses, aveparvovirus VP1 does not have a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) motif. It is not known how a missing PLA2 motif affects the viral infectivity or mechanism for virus entry which may reflect a different mechanism for virus entry and release compared with other parvoviruses (Phan et al, 2013;de Souza et al, 2018). The VP2 is a major capsid protein having different functions in the virus life cycle such as receptormediated entry, capsid assembly and DNA packaging (Hueffer & Parrish, 2003;Koo et al, 2015).…”

Whole Genome Characterization and Genetic Evolution Analysis of a New Ostrich Parvovirus

“…Parvoviruses are small, non-enveloped, linear single-stranded DNA viruses [1]. Parvoviruses may have appeared millions of years ago, infecting invertebrates and vertebrates [2].…”

“…whole genome 80.8-81.3% 94.1-94.4% 94.4-94.7% 97.7-97.9% 99.2-99.6% 95.5-95.9% 86.0-86.3% Rep sequence 82.3-82.9% 93.7-94.4% 95.9-96.4% 98.6-99.3% 99.0-99.9% 95.9-96.3% 82.6-83.2% Cap sequence 80.3-80.4% 95.3-95.5% 94.5-94.8% 96.2-96.6% 99.3-99.6% 96.0-96.3% 89.6-89.8% a. The MDPV FM strain of Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV), discovered in Hungary in 1993 by Zadori et al [6]; b. SYG61v strain (vaccine strain) of goose parvovirus (GPV); c. novel goose parvovirus-related virus (NGPV) strain SDLY1602 responsible for duck tongue disease, found in Shandong province in 2016 by Li et al [7]; d. GPV strain B isolated from grey goose in Hungary[6]; e. GPV-RC16 strain from Chongqing reported in 2017 by Liu et al[1,8]; f. the NGPV HuN18 strain of Novel goose parvovirus (NGPV), discovered in Hunan province in 2018 by Wan C et al[9]; g. MDPV strain JH10 isolated from Muscovy duck in China[10].…”

TaqMan probe qRT-PCR detects bovine parvovirus and applies clinically

“…The viral capsid plays a critical role in the infection of host cells by adhering the virus to specific receptors on the target cells [3]. The genome comprises single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) [4,5] and possesses three open reading frames (ORFs; ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3). ORF3 encodes two capsid viral proteins (VP; VP1 and VP2).…”