Novel Oxidative Stress Biomarkers with Risk Prognosis Values in Heart Failure

Abstract

Oxidative stress (OS) is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in cardiovascular and other disease states, damage DNA, lipids, proteins, other cellular and extra-cellular components. OS is both initiated by, and triggers inflammation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, matrix remodeling, myocardial fibrosis, and neurohumoral activation. These have been linked to the development of heart failure (HF). Circulating biomarkers generated by OS offer potential utility in patient management and therapeutic targeting. Novel OS-related biomarkers such as NADPH oxidases (sNox2-dp, Nrf2), advanced glycation end-products (AGE), and myeloperoxidase (MPO), are signaling molecules reflecting pathobiological changes in HF. This review aims to evaluate current OS-related biomarkers and their associations with clinical outcomes and to highlight those with greatest promise in diagnosis, risk stratification and therapeutic targeting in HF.

Upregulated dual oxidase 1-induced oxidative stress and caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis reflect the etiologies of heart failure

“…DUOX, as a member of NADPH oxidase family, participated directly in generating hydrogen peroxide/ROS [ 29 ]. In normal condition, there is a balance between ROS and antioxidants, but the excessive amounts of ROS would result in various CVDs, including heart failure [ 4 ]. In this study, we found the increased DUOX1 expression levels in DOX-induced cellular heart failure model, suggesting that DUOX1 may contribute to heart failure development.…”

“…The underlying mechanism of DUOX1 in regulating heart failure has been also explored. It is well-known that heart failure development is associated with oxidative stress, which might be caused by the complex effects of ROS [ 4 ]. DUOX1-induced ROS production has also been shown in various diseases, such as DUOX1 nasal polyposis, allergy and asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung fibrosis and cancer [ 30 ].…”

“…It is reported that oxidative stress was one of the main causes of heart failure development [ 4 ]. Oxidative stress is described as a condition of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) relative to antioxidant defense and ROS is known to play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of various cardiac disorders, such as myocardial infarction and heart failure [ 5 ].…”

Reactive oxygen species and gastric carcinogenesis: The complex interaction between Helicobacter pylori and host

“…163 Nitrotyrosine, a specific peroxynitrite-mediated protein modification, is also considered as a biomarker of protein oxidation. 178,182,183 Positive correlations have been reported between nitrotyrosine and human colorectal carcinoma, 184,185 prostate cancer 186 and gastric cancer. 187 Higher levels of nitrotyrosine were detected in H. pylori-infected gastric cancer patients than those without evidence of bacterium infection.…”

“…Nitrotyrosine, a specific peroxynitrite‐mediated protein modification, is also considered as a biomarker of protein oxidation 178,182,183 . Positive correlations have been reported between nitrotyrosine and human colorectal carcinoma, 184,185 prostate cancer 186 and gastric cancer 187 .…”