“…One of the first reported interferometric sensor multiplexing schemes was a time division implementation by Dakin et al and Henning et al [41,42], who used low-reflectance Fabry-Perot sensor elements and differential delay heterodyne demodulation. Unlike the other TDM schemes, however, the low-reflectance Fabry-Perot array configuration exhibits an intrinsic level of optical crosstalk which arises due to the multiple reflections that naturally occur in the system [43].…”
“…One of the first reported interferometric sensor multiplexing schemes was a time division implementation by Dakin et al and Henning et al [41,42], who used low-reflectance Fabry-Perot sensor elements and differential delay heterodyne demodulation. Unlike the other TDM schemes, however, the low-reflectance Fabry-Perot array configuration exhibits an intrinsic level of optical crosstalk which arises due to the multiple reflections that naturally occur in the system [43].…”
“…In time division multiplexing (TDM) [17] the source is pulsed, and the arrival time of light returning reveals the location and identity of the sensor. Wavelength division (WDM) is easily envisaged for Bragg gratings in series along a fibre, each of nominally different wavelength, so that the identity of a sensor is associated with a particular wavelength band [18].…”
the paper provides a historical resume of the development of optical fibre sensors, summarising applications of continuing importance and offering an outline of future trends.
“…In 2000 and 2001, extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric (EFPI) pressure sensors and acoustic sensors based on fiber optic time-domain-reflectometry 19,20 will be added to the DTS system in the well. Although these additional sensors will operate on a quasi-distributed or multi-point basis they will be useful in assisting in the interpretation of the temperature profile in the well.…”
This paper describes how distributed temperature sensing (DTS) based on Raman Scattering is being used as an in-situ logging technique in oil & gas wells. Traditional methods of gathering production data to characterize oil & gas well performance have relied on the introduction of electric logging tools into the well. This can be an expensive process in highly deviated or horizontal wells and usually results in the well being shut-in with the loss or deferment of hydrocarbon production. More recently permanently placed pressure sensors based on CMOS technology have been used, but these systems do not easily deliver distributed measurements and reliability has been found to be poor.In order to apply DTS technology to this new type of application a number of new processes and methods have been developed. These include improved optical fiber coatings for high temperature applications, adaptation of fiber-blowing techniques techniques pioneered by the telecoms industry for installation and advanced interpretation techniques that allow distributed temperature profiles in the oil & gas well to give valuable information about flowing profiles, fluid properties and the condition of artificial lift equipment that is used to enhance production.
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