Novel operation and control of an electric vehicle aluminum/air battery system

Zhang, Xin; Yang, Shao Hua; Knickle, Harold N.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2003.09.058

Cited by 49 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…For example some surveys covering the variety of aluminium energy storage systems devote a subsection to the aluminiumeair battery electrochemistry [2,3]. Others focus solely on aluminiumeair batteries and detail the advances made together with their developing applications [13e20], such as a power source for electric vehicles [21,22]. There are specialised reviews that examine aluminium corrosion mechanisms in saline solutions for the cathodic protection of marine structures [23] and under opencircuit conditions in alkaline solutions with relevance to nuclear engineering [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in electrode materials and electrolytes for aluminium–air batteries

Egan¹,

León²,

Wood³

et al. 2013

Journal of Power Sources

393

191

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h i g h l i g h t s< Discussion of the rationale to choose a suitable alloy for Aleair battery. < Effect of the properties and preparation route to enhance the oxidation of Al. < Effect of the inhibitors on the anode oxidation in the alkaline electrolyte. This review shows the influence of the materials, including: aluminium alloy, oxygen reduction catalyst and electrolyte type, in the battery performance. Two issues are considered: (a) the parasitic corrosion of aluminium at open-circuit potential and under discharge, due to the reduction of water on the anode and (b) the formation of a passive hydroxide layer on aluminium, which inhibits dissolution and shifts its potential to positive values. To overcome these two issues, super-pure (99.999 wt%) aluminium alloyed with traces of Mg, Sn, In and Ga are used to inhibit corrosion or to break down the passive hydroxide layer. Since high-purity aluminium alloys are expensive, an alternative approach is to add inhibitors or additives directly into the electrolyte. The effectiveness of binary and ternary alloys and the addition of different electrolyte additives are evaluated. Novel methods to overcome the self-corrosion problem include using anionic membranes and gel electrolytes or alternative solvents, such as alcohols or ionic liquids, to replace aqueous solutions. The air cathode is also considered and future opportunities and directions for the development of aluminiumeair cells are highlighted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developments in electrode materials and electrolytes for aluminium–air batteries

Egan¹,

León²,

Wood³

et al. 2013

Journal of Power Sources

393

191

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…46 The purpose of the sub-systems was to regulate the output power of the Al-air battery system and prolong the lifetime of the whole battery system by making the sub-batteries work in shifts. Pure Al is used and an example of a 100 horsepower electric vehicle is given.…”

Section: Al-air Battery: a Historical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

The study of aluminium anodes for high power density Al/air batteries with brine electrolytes

Nestoridi¹,

Pletcher²,

Wood³

et al. 2008

Journal of Power Sources

186

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In this thesis aluminium alloys containing small additions of both tin (~ 0.1 wt %) and gallium (~ 0.05 wt %) are shown to dissolve anodically at high rates in sodium chloride media at room temperatures; current densities > 0.2 A cm -2 can be obtained at potentialsclose to the open circuit potential, ~ -1.5 V vs SCE. Alloys that do not contain both tin and gallium were shown not to dissolve at such a negative potential. The tin exists in the alloys as a second phase, typically as ~ 1 µm inclusions (precipitates) distributed throughout the aluminium structure, and anodic dissolution occurs to form rounded pits around the tin inclusions. The pits were different in structure from the crystallographic pits commonly observed with Al and other alloys. The change in pit structure and the negative shift in dissolution potential indicate that the AlMgSnGa alloys dissolve by a different mechanism. Although the distribution of the gallium in the alloy could not be established, it is also shown to be critical in the formation of these pits as well as maintaining their activity. The stability of the alloys to open circuit corrosion and the overpotential for high rate dissolution, both critical to battery performance, is shown to depend on factors in addition to elemental composition; both heat treatment and mechanical working influence the performance of the alloy. The correlation between alloy performance and their microstructure has been investigated.iii Imaging of the surface with a resolution of 10 -20 µm was used for the direct observation of the anodic dissolution of aluminium alloys containing Sn and Ga. The resolution allows confirmation that hydrogen evolution occurs from the Sn inclusions.

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“…While commercially available metal/air batteries are limited to be a primary zinc/air battery, many efforts have been done to realize secondary metal/air batteries, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] in which the discharge products of the air battery using less noble metals such as lithium and magnesium induce the plugging of the positive electrode, resulting in a small discharge capacity, a difficulty of a high current operation, and a poor cycleability. We have also developed a different type of air battery from them, which comprises the negative electrode using hydrogen storage alloys in combination with an alkaline aqueous electrolyte.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge-discharge Performance and Energy Density of MH/Air Secondary Battery using A<sub>2</sub>B<sub>7</sub> Type Hydrogen Storage Alloys

2015

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The charge-discharge performance and the energy density of a metal hydride/air secondary battery using A 2 B 7 type hydrogen storage alloys were studied. The MH/air secondary battery showed a high energy density more than 750 Wh/L or 100 Wh/kg, which is higher than the theoretical energy density of lithium ion secondary batteries. A high current discharge up to 1100 mA (83 mA cm −2 ) was demonstrated with no plugging of the positive electrode by discharge products. The results indicated that the MH/air secondary battery is one of the most promising candidates for next generation of energy storage devices to a wide range of applications such as electric vehicles and home energy storage systems.

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Novel operation and control of an electric vehicle aluminum/air battery system

Cited by 49 publications

References 3 publications

Developments in electrode materials and electrolytes for aluminium–air batteries

Developments in electrode materials and electrolytes for aluminium–air batteries

The study of aluminium anodes for high power density Al/air batteries with brine electrolytes

Charge-discharge Performance and Energy Density of MH/Air Secondary Battery using A<sub>2</sub>B<sub>7</sub> Type Hydrogen Storage Alloys

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