Novel nutritional substrates in surgery

Buijs, Nikki; Wörner, Elisabeth; Brinkmann, Saskia J. H.; Luttikhold, Joanna; Meij, Barbara S. van der; Houdijk, Alexander P. J.; Leeuwen, Paul A. M. van

doi:10.1017/s0029665112003047

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 120 publications

(141 reference statements)

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“…Miao et al (2012) explained that taurine represents a key role in the regulation of the innate immune response and reduce tissue damage induced by bacterial infection by increasing T regulatory cells. Also Buijs et al (2013) investigated that taurine may restore the protective and immune-enhancing actions and improve clinical outcome in surgical patients. The non significant change in the mean number of neither splenocytes nor IgG levels from rat administrated taurine as compared to normal rats is another evidence for the non immunotoxic effect of taurine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective and therapeutic impact of taurine on some biochemical, immunological and histological parameters in diabetic rats

Foda¹,

Farrag²,

Metwally³

et al. 2016

J App Pharm Sci

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Background: Taurine is a non protein amino acid found in most animal tissues. It is a powerful antioxidant which shares in combating the harmful effect of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), associated to many chronic diseases as diabetes mellitus (DM). The disease is characterized by hyperglycemia and metabolic disorders in the body that leads to the release of ROS in the cells. Methods: The present work evaluates the biochemical and immunological role of taurine (500 mg/kg bwt) in ameliorating diabetes harm in rats when compared to the effect of the antidiabetic drug (amaryl). Six groups were established for the experiment. Group1: control rats without any supplementations. Group 2 : diabetic non treated rats. Group 3: rats received taurine for three weeks. Group 4: rats were supplemented with taurine for three weeks then injected streptozotocin (STZ) (prophylactic gp). Group 5: rats were injected with STZ then supplemented with taurine for four weeks (therapeutic gp). Group 6: rats were injected STZ then treated with amaryl drug for four weeks. Serum glucose and insulin levels in addition to liver function enzymes and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme were determined. ROS effect was monitored in liver tissue by detecting malondialdhyde resulting from lipid peroxidation and detecting glutathione reductase enzyme activity. With respect to the immunological responses, the thymocytes and splenocytes numbers were counted besides measuring serum IgG level. Histological and immunohistochemical studies were performed in pancreatic sections. Results: showed the ability of taurine in decreasing glucose level and increasing insulin with the same efficacy as amaryl drug besides affecting liver enzymes and improving the antioxidant system in cells. Taurine also restored the decrease in mean number of thymocytes and splenocytes caused by DM. Sera IgG levels from pre-and post-treatment with taurine showed non significant increase compared to the diabetic non treated group. Conclusion: post-treatment supplemention of taurine is recommended for T2DM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective and therapeutic impact of taurine on some biochemical, immunological and histological parameters in diabetic rats

Foda¹,

Farrag²,

Metwally³

et al. 2016

J App Pharm Sci

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“…Besides its role as a constituent of proteins and its importance in amino acid transamination, glutamine has many kinds of nonnutritive function and has been claimed to be essential conditionally during stress or clinical situations (Stehle and Kuhn, 2015;Coqueiro et al, 2019;Oh et al, 2020). For example, glutamine is the principal metabolic fuel for small intestine enterocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts and is considered an essential amino acid in some species under inflammatory conditions such as infection and injury (Roth, 2008;Carr et al, 2010). Moreover, glutamine is one of the most efficacious substrates for gluconeogenesis and has a protective effect on the physiology and function of gastrointestinal tract (Fan et al, 2015;Zuhl et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary supplementary glutamine and L-carnitine enhanced the anti-cold stress of Arbor Acres broilers

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Newborn poultry in cold regions often suffer from cold stress, causing a series of changes in their physiology and metabolism, leading to slow growth and decreased production performance. However, a single anti-stress substance cannot completely or maximally eliminate or alleviate the various effects of cold stress on animals. Therefore, the effects of the supplemented glutamine and L-carnitine on broilers under low temperature were evaluated in this study. Broilers were randomly allocated into 16 groups which were respectively fed with different levels of glutamine and L-carnitine according to the L16 (45) orthogonal experimental design for 3 weeks (the first week is the adaptive feeding period; the second and third weeks are the cold exposure period). Growth performance was recorded, and blood samples were collected during cold exposure. The results showed the supplementation had altered the plasma parameters, growth performance and cold-induced oxidative stress. The increase of corticosterone and suppression of thyroid hormone was ameliorated. Supplemented groups had lower daily feed intake and feed-to-gain ratio, higher daily weight gain and better relative weights of immune organs. Plasma glucose, total protein, blood urea nitrogen and alkaline phosphatase changed as well. Oxidative stress was mollified due to the improved activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, heightened total antioxidant capacity and stable malondialdehyde. Dietary glutamine and L-carnitine improve the growth performance, nutritional status and cold stress response of broilers at low temperature, and their interaction occurred.

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“…Major surgery induces a stress response that is characterised by hormonal release and inflammatory processes [ 7 , 8 ]. This stress response resembles catabolic stress, which is found in other forms of critical illness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma glutamine levels in patients after non-elective or elective ICU admission: an observational study

et al. 2015

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BackgroundA low plasma glutamine level at the time of acute admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) is an independent predictor of an unfavourable outcome in critically ill patients. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether there are differences in plasma glutamine levels upon non-elective or elective ICU admission. The secondary objective was to compare glutamine levels over time, and to determine correlations between glutamine levels and the severity of illness and presence of infection in ICU patients.MethodsWe performed a single-centre observational study in a closed-format, 22-bed, mixed ICU. Plasma glutamine levels were measured at admission and every morning at 6.00 a.m. during the ICU stay. We aimed to include at least 80 patients per group. The study was approved by the local Medical Ethics Committee.ResultsIn 88 patients after elective surgery, the median plasma glutamine level at admission was significantly higher compared with that in 90 non-elective patients (0.43 mmol/l [0.33–0.55 mmol/l] versus 0.25 mmol/l [0.09–0.37 mmol/l], P = 0.001). During the ICU stay, plasma glutamine levels remained significantly higher in elective patients than in non-elective patients. There was a significant correlation between the APACHE IV score and glutamine levels (R = 0.52, P < 0.001). Moreover, backward linear regression analysis showed that this correlation was independently associated with the APACHE IV score and the presence of infection, but not with the type of admission.ConclusionsPlasma glutamine levels are significantly lower after non-elective admission compared with elective admission to the ICU. A considerable amount of elective and non-elective patients have decreased plasma glutamine levels, but this is not independently associated with the type of admission. In contrast to previous studies, we found that plasma glutamine levels were determined by the severity of illness and the presence of an infection.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02310035.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12871-016-0180-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Novel nutritional substrates in surgery

Cited by 12 publications

References 120 publications

Protective and therapeutic impact of taurine on some biochemical, immunological and histological parameters in diabetic rats

Protective and therapeutic impact of taurine on some biochemical, immunological and histological parameters in diabetic rats

Dietary supplementary glutamine and L-carnitine enhanced the anti-cold stress of Arbor Acres broilers

Plasma glutamine levels in patients after non-elective or elective ICU admission: an observational study

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