Dietary supplementary glutamine and L-carnitine enhanced the anti-cold stress of Arbor Acres broilers

Abstract

Abstract. Newborn poultry in cold regions often suffer from cold stress, causing a series of changes in their physiology and metabolism, leading to slow growth and decreased production performance. However, a single anti-stress substance cannot completely or maximally eliminate or alleviate the various effects of cold stress on animals. Therefore, the effects of the supplemented glutamine and L-carnitine on broilers under low temperature were evaluated in this study. Broilers were randomly allocated into 16 groups which were respectively fed with different levels of glutamine and L-carnitine according to the L16 (45) orthogonal experimental design for 3 weeks (the first week is the adaptive feeding period; the second and third weeks are the cold exposure period). Growth performance was recorded, and blood samples were collected during cold exposure. The results showed the supplementation had altered the plasma parameters, growth performance and cold-induced oxidative stress. The increase of corticosterone and suppression of thyroid hormone was ameliorated. Supplemented groups had lower daily feed intake and feed-to-gain ratio, higher daily weight gain and better relative weights of immune organs. Plasma glucose, total protein, blood urea nitrogen and alkaline phosphatase changed as well. Oxidative stress was mollified due to the improved activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, heightened total antioxidant capacity and stable malondialdehyde. Dietary glutamine and L-carnitine improve the growth performance, nutritional status and cold stress response of broilers at low temperature, and their interaction occurred.

The effects of L-carnitine-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles on performance, antioxidant parameters, and expression of genes associated with cholesterol metabolism in laying hens

“…The results obtained in the current study demonstrated that adding the lowest level of LC-SLNs (50 mg/kg) to the diet, significantly improved erythrocyte SOD activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC); which could be attributed to the high bioavailability of LC-SLNs. Previous research found that supplementing with LC increased SOD activity at high stocking density challenged laying hens ( Çetin and Güçlü, 2020 ) and broiler ( Liu et al, 2021 ) which is similar to our findings. These findings suggest that LC plays an important role in antioxidant defense control.…”

“…However, many of these strategies were ineffectual (reduced by 10%; Elkin, 2017 ). L-carnitine ( LC ) (β-hydroxy-γ-trimethyl-aminobutyrate, C 7 H 15 NO 3) plays an important role in lipid metabolism and acts as an essential cofactor for the β-oxidation of fatty acids by facilitating the transport of long-chain fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane as acyl-carnitine esters ( Tekeli, 2019 ; Kuter and Ӧnol, 2021 ; Liu et al, 2021 ). According to reports, LC is a potent antioxidant that protects antioxidant enzymes from oxidative damage ( Canbolat et al, 2017 ).…”

Effects of In Ovo Feeding of γ-Aminobutyric Acid on Growth Performances, Plasma Metabolites, and Antioxidant Status in Broilers Exposed to Cyclic Heat Stress

“…In addition, the average BWs obtained after hatch (45.1 g), 7 days (165.7 g), 21 days (981.1 g), and 28 days (1624.1 g) were in line with the Arbor Acres broiler performances (as-hatched performance) objective, which recommends 43 g, 204 g, 978 g, and 1567 g for the same periods, respectively [61]. Similarly, plasma parameters [62] were within the same range of previously reported results.…”

Effects of Dietary Folic Acid Supplementation on Sex Differences in Oriental River Prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense

“…Consequently, these overdoses can be responsible for the increase in antioxidant enzyme activity in M. nipponense after thermal stress. MDA, the final product of lipid peroxidation, accumulates in cells and causes cytotoxicity, leading to damage to cells and tissues [49,50]. Significantly decreased hepatopancreatic MDA values were observed with increasing folic acid levels, with the highest values noted in male and female prawns treated with 1.22 mg/kg of folic acid (Treatment A) (Figure 6).…”