Novel Nanostructured Paper with Ultrahigh Transparency and Ultrahigh Haze for Solar Cells

Fang, Zhiqiang; Zhu, Hongli; Yuan, Yongbo; Ha, Dong‐Heon; Zhu, Songming; Preston, Colin; Chen, Qingxia; Li, Yuanyuan; Han, Xiaogang; Lee, SeongWoo; Chen, Gang; Li, Teng; Munday, Jeremy N.; Huang, Jinsong; Hu, Liangbing

doi:10.1021/nl404101p

Cited by 436 publications

(427 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…In particular, this excellent dual performance in transmittance and haze is most suitable for solar cells. 4,22,23 On the one hand, the high transparency ensures that nearly all the sunlight can enter the photovoltaic active layer. On the other hand, the light scattering can increase the light absorption path in the active layer, which can remarkably improve the conversion efficiency of the devices.…”

Section: Enhanced Effect Of Light Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced light scattering effect of wrinkled transparent conductive ITO thin film

et al. 2017

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Indium tin oxide (ITO) plays an important role due to its high transparency and high conductivity in various optoelectronic thin-film devices. However, ITO has the drawback of mechanical fragility, limiting its development. Wrinkling has been considered a powerful tool for improving the flexibility and surface properties of thin films, but wrinkled ITO has not been reported so far. In this work, we fabricate uniform wrinkles on ITO and systematically study the properties of the wrinkled ITO in optics, electrics and mechanics. The wrinkled ITO shows a high optical transmittance and also a high haze value due to a remarkable wrinkle-induced enhancement of light scattering, which is beneficial for solar cells and lightemitting diodes. Our experimental results also indicate that wrinkles can effectively improve the mechanical bending performance of ITO without compromising the crystallization and electrical conductivity.

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Section: Enhanced Effect Of Light Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced light scattering effect of wrinkled transparent conductive ITO thin film

et al. 2017

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“…The transparent paper made out of 100% TEMPO-oxidized NFC was reported to be much stronger (with a tensile strength of approximately 105 MPa) than the regular paper made out of 100% wood pulp (with a tensile strength of approximately 8 MPa), and such an increase is attributed to higher packing density and more overlapping of neighboring fibers (Fang et al 2014). In this work, similar improvement in NFC-added paper could not be achieved due to loss of NFC during handsheet formation and a remarkable reduction in RBA due to large scale differences in dimensions among the fibers (unbleached kraft pulp and NFC).…”

Section: Mechanistic Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro/Nano-fibrillated Cellulose from Cotton Linters as Strength Additive in Unbleached Kraft Paper: Experimental, Semi-empirical, and Mechanistic Studies

et al. 2017

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Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) isolated from cotton linters were evaluated as a strength additive in unbleached kraft paper and compared with semi-empirical and mechanistic models. The z-directional tensile strength was enhanced due to NFC and MFC. The tensile energy absorption (TEA) derived via integrating the z-directional stress-strain curve was 29.165 J/m 2 , 120.658 J/m 2 , and 187.768 J/m 2 for the control, MFC, and NFC, respectively. Burst factor significantly increased from 11 to 14 for 10% MFC, while no increase was observed in NFC. From TEA predictions by semi-empirical models, a modified Page equation, Shear-lag, and a negative trend was found due to increased relative bonded area (RBA) with the addition of MFC/NFC. The mechanistic model used six mechanisms involved in binding the fibers and predicted the increased trend of TEA. The increased TEA due to NFC contributed to z-directional tensile strength, but not to the tensile indices and tear factor. This was ascribed to the large size difference of NFC with base pulp fibers and a higher RBA.

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“…1 , 2 It allows strong films, leading to several potential applications including structural materials and gas barriers in packaging, templates for functional materials, and substrates for transparent electronics and devices. 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 The strength of the junctions between the nanofibers forming the disordered networks is central to transfer the high mechanical properties of the individual nanofibers up to the macroscopic material. Such interactions can be subtle, involving hydrogen bonding and other interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-Resistant, Transparent Hybrid Nanopaper by Physical Cross-Linking with Chitosan

et al. 2015

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ABSTRACT. One of the major, but often overlooked, challenges towards high end applications of nanocelluloses is to maintain their mechanical stability under hydrated conditions. As such, permanent covalent crosslinking or surface hydrophobization are viable solutions provided that neither processability nor interfibrillar bonding is compromised. Here we show an alternative based on physical crosslinking of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC, also denoted as microfibrillated cellulose, MFC, and cellulose nanofibers, CNF) with chitosan for the preparation of transparent films. Transparency (~ 80 % throughout the visible spectrum) is achieved by suppressing aggregation and carefully controlling the mixing conditions: Chitosan dissolves in aqueous medium at low pH and under these conditions the NFC/chitosan mixtures form easily processable hydrogels.A simple change in the environmental conditions (i.e. an increase of pH) reduces hydration of chitosan promoting multivalent physical interactions between NFC and chitosan over those with water, resulting effectively in crosslinking. Films of NFC/chitosan 80/20 w/w show excellent mechanical properties in the wet state, with a tensile modulus of 4 and 14 GPa at low (0.5 %) and large (16 %) strains, respectively and an ultimate strength of 100 MPa (with corresponding maximum strain of 28 %). Remarkably, a strength of 200 MPa (with maximum strain of 8%) is measured at 50 % air relative humidity. We expect that the proposed, simple concept opens new pathways toward NFC-based material utilization in wet or humid conditions, a challenge that has remained unresolved.

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Novel Nanostructured Paper with Ultrahigh Transparency and Ultrahigh Haze for Solar Cells

Cited by 436 publications

References 50 publications

Enhanced light scattering effect of wrinkled transparent conductive ITO thin film

Enhanced light scattering effect of wrinkled transparent conductive ITO thin film

Micro/Nano-fibrillated Cellulose from Cotton Linters as Strength Additive in Unbleached Kraft Paper: Experimental, Semi-empirical, and Mechanistic Studies

Water-Resistant, Transparent Hybrid Nanopaper by Physical Cross-Linking with Chitosan

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