Novel nanocomposite coating for dental implant applications in vitro and in vivo evaluation

Abstract

This study aimed at preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of novel bioactive, biodegradable, and antibacterial nanocomposite coating for the improvement of stem cells attachment and antibacterial activity as a candidate for dental implant applications. Poly (lactide-co-glycolide)/bioactive glass/hydroxyapatite (PBGHA) nanocomposite coating was prepared via solvent casting process. The nanoparticle amounts of 10, 15, and 20 weight percent (wt%) were chosen in order to determine the optimum amount of nanoparticles suitable for preparing an uniform coating. Bioactivity and degradation of the coating with an optimum amount of nanoparticles were evaluated by immersing the prepared samples in simulated body fluid and phosphate buffer saline (PBS), respectively. The effect of nanocomposite coating on the attachment and viability of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) was investigated. Kirschner wires (K-wires) of stainless steel were coated with the PBGHA nanocomposite coating, and mechanical stability of the coating was studied during intramedullary implantation into rabbit tibiae. The results showed that using 10 wt% nanoparticles (5 wt% HA and 5 wt% BG) in the nanocomposite could provide the desired uniform coating. The study of in vitro bioactivity showed rapid formation of bone-like apatite on the PBGHA coating. It was degraded considerably after about 60 days of immersion in PBS. The hASCs showed excellent attachment and viability on the coating. PBGHA coating remained stable on the K-wires with a minimum of 96% of the original coating mass. It was concluded that PBGHA nanocomposite coating provides an ideal surface for the stem cells attachment and viability. In addition, it could induce antibacterial activity, simultaneously.

A novel nano-composite scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering

“…As a consequence, the presence of 45SBG nanoparticle in the nancomposite construct and their ionic products released from them in medium could induce cell proliferation. This results have compliances with several publications [11,12]. Furthermore, from the other point of view, the presence of Ha and fibrin could promotecell attachment, viability, and proliferation.…”

“…%) displayed a slightly increase of pH in the early days of incubation time and then decreasing around 7 after 28 days.Literatureshave reported that overloading contents of BG (up to 30 wt. %) could accelerate the degradation rate of nanocomposite scaffolds [33,11]. Furthermore, in this work it was demonstrated that the nanocomposite scaffolds with 25 wt.…”

“…Previous study showed that higher amount of BG nanoparticles tends to form BG aggregates in the nanocomposite scaffolds and more pores formations in their interface through which water penetrate simply [11]. This phenomenon could explain more degradation rate of S2 and S3 samples.After 28 days of incubation, S3 lost about 12 % of itsinitial weight which is higher than the other specimens.…”

“…It was reported that the existence of BG particles could enhance cell adherence and spreading. The nanocomposites with BG nanoparticles were hydrophilic, which could make a more wettable surface than pure PLLA [11]. The synergetic effects of the 45S BG nanoparticles, fibrin glue, and hyaluronic acid on the surface of the scaffolds could enhance early cell capture, proliferation, and differentiation.…”

“…With its plausible biocompatibility property, PLGA are widely used in bone and cartilage TE applications. However, limitation in cell adhesion and high price are two drawbacks of PLGA as a biomaterial [6][7][8][9].Despite low cell attachment affinity of PLGA, using other materials such as bioceramics (e.g., bioactive glasses (BGs) nanoparticle) as fillers/ reinforcement components in PLGA matrix could provide a distinguished surface in order to improve cellular interaction and intensify its application in hard tissue regeneration [10][11][12]. Hyaluronic acid (Ha) is a kind of native biological materials that can be find in synovial fluid with excellent ability to support chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), noticeable biocompatibility, biodegradability, differentiated cell phenotype, well cell expansion, and little toxicity that can be used in soft and hard tissues [6 ,13].…”