Novel multi-epitope protein containing conserved epitopes from different Leishmania species as potential vaccine candidate: Integrated immunoinformatics and molecular dynamics approach

Engineering a multi-epitope vaccine candidate against Leishmania infantum using comprehensive Immunoinformatics methods

“…Docking results demonstrated that profilin adequately binds well to TLR11 and the vaccine/receptor interaction is stable (Rabienia et al 2020 ). Ropón-Palacios et al ( 2019 ) exerted a somehow different strategy to develop a highly-efficacious vaccine candidate possessing 4 conserved epitopes among important Leishmania spp. in Latin America, including L. braziliensis , L. mexicana , L. panamensis and L. guyanensis .…”

“…They utilized AAY and GPGP linkers to connect epitopes and 50S ribosomal protein L7/L12 as adjuvant. The 32.5 kDa vaccine candidate stably coupled with TLR4/MD2 receptor complex with strong H bond and hydrophobic interaction (Ropón-Palacios et al 2019 ). In our study, we performed immune simulation to predict the immunological profile of the designed vaccine candidate upon injection, while such analysis was not performed in above studies.…”

Multi-epitope vaccine design against leishmaniasis using IFN-γ inducing epitopes from immunodominant gp46 and gp63 proteins

“…Another study by Yadav et al (2020) designed a 71 kDa, stable, and hydrophilic multi-component vaccine candidate using B- and T-cell epitopes derived from three L. donovani HyP proteins, prevailed by random coils, using AAY and KK spacers [75] . Ropon-Palacios et al (2019) investigated the in silico binding of a novel multi-component vaccine (32.5 kDa), designed by four conserved epitopes from Latin American species such as L. panamensis, L. mexicana , L. braziliensis , and L. guyanensis , with the TLR4/MD2 receptor complex, showing a stable interaction [79] . Altogether, the next-generation vaccine design process against leishmaniasis demands the utilization of immunogenic epitopes derived from potent antigenic molecules, with subsequent in vitro and in vivo confirmation using wet laboratory experiments.…”

CD171 multi‑epitope peptide design based on immunoinformatics approach as a cancer vaccine candidate for glioblastoma

“…Nowadays the multi-epitope vaccine designing is a prominent eld that luckily has not only demonstrated a promising in vivo e cacy with protective immunity (46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53) but also achieved phase-I clinical trials (54,55,56,57,58). Recently in the same approach, the immunoinformatics designed vaccine has been used for designing multi-epitope vaccines against Nipah virus (59), Malaria (60), Hendra virus (61), Leishmania (62), and also Zika virus (63). Reports demonstrate CD171 is only expressed on the surface of cancer cells, not their normal tissues therefore the immune responses generated against the CD171 will affect cells expressing high levels of CD171 (4,64,65,66).…”