Novel lanthanide-labeled metal oxide nanoparticles improve the measurement of in vivo clearance and translocation

Abstract

The deposition, clearance and translocation of europium-doped gadolinium oxide nanoparticles in a mouse lung were investigated experimentally. Nanoparticles were synthesized by spray flame pyrolysis. The particle size, crystallinity and surface properties were characterized. Following instillation, the concentrations of particles in organs were determined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The protein corona coating the nanoparticles was found to be similar to the coating on more environmentally relevant nanoparticles such as iron oxide. Measurements of the solubility of the nanoparticles in surrogates of biological fluids indicated very little propensity for dissolution, and the elemental ratio of particle constituents did not change, adding further support to the contention that intact nanoparticles were measured. The particles were intratracheally instilled into the mouse lung. After 24 hours, the target organs were harvested, acid digested and the nanoparticle mass in each organ was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The nanoparticles were detected in all the studied organs at low ppb levels; 59% of the particles remained in the lung. A significant amount of particles was also detected in the feces, suggesting fast clearance mechanisms. The nanoparticle system used in this work is highly suitable for quantitatively determining deposition, transport and clearance of nanoparticles from the lung, providing a quantified measure of delivered dose.

Silver nanoparticles induce neurotoxicity in a human embryonic stem cell-derived neuron and astrocyte network

“…Three concentrations of AgSCs (0.1, 1.0, and 5.0 µg/mL) were chosen and added to the cells, followed by a 72-h incubation to determine changes in morphology, toxicity, and the expression of specific markers (i.e., MAP2, glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP], synaptophysin [Syn], postsynaptic density protein 95 [PSD-95], phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3 [pGSK-3], and caspase-3). Recent studies conducted on rats have shown that these silver concentrations are relevant concentrations that might be found in rat brain tissue after in vivo exposure to AgNPs (Espinosa-Cristobal et al, 2013, Lee et al, 2013, Dziendzikowska et al, 2012). The dosimetry of nanomaterials, expressed as nanomaterial mass per volume and number of particles per volume, is summarized in Table 1.…”

Persistence of silver nanoparticles in the rat lung: Influence of dose, size, and chemical composition

“…Samples were cooled to room temperature, an equal volume of 30% H 2 O 2 was added. Samples were reheated to 70°C for 2-4 h to break down remaining lipids and finally cooled to room temperature and diluted 10:1 with 3% HNO 3 for analysis by the UC Davis/Interdisciplinary Center for Plasma Mass Spectrometry using an Agilent 7500CE ICP-MS (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA) (Abid, 2013). The samples were introduced using a MicroMist Nebulizer (Glass Expansion, Pocasset, MA) into a temperature controlled spray chamber with Helium as the collision cell gas.…”

Nanomaterial translocation–the biokinetics, tissue accumulation, toxicity and fate of materials in secondary organs–a review

“…The organs were harvested 24 h after a single treatment, and showed that whilst the majority of NMs were retained within the lungs, some translocation of the NMs to the liver (15.9  0.9 ng-0.2% of total dose), kidneys (2.5  0.4 ng- 0.1 of total dose), heart (3.5  0.9 ng- 0.1% of total dose), spleen (2.6  0.1 ng- 0.1% of total dose), GT (69  35 ng-1.1% of total dose) and faeces (1306  301 ng-20.4% of total dose) occurred. The highest level of translocated NMs was found in the liver, with significant quantities found in the faeces, suggesting at a fast NM clearance from the lung into the GT (Abid et al 2013).…”