Novel Ionomers and electrode structures for improved PEMFC electrode performance at low PGM loadings (Final Report)

PEM Fuel cell and electrolysis cell technologies and hydrogen infrastructure development – a review

“…16. Some CL structures have no ionomer phase and thus are free of the ionomer thin-film resistance under low Pt loading; for example, 3 M's nano-structured thin-film (NSTF) CLs achieved 0.172 g kW −1 under 1.5 bar and 0.102 mg Pt cm −2 total loading; 174 and the CLs fabricated by a photo-driven approach that deposits the Pt catalyst directly over a PEM achieved a cell performance above 1.0 W cm −2 under ∼53 μg Pt cm −2 cathode , 175 though the long-term durability is a major concern.…”

“…Note that the CLs fabricated by a photo-driven method are ∼60 nm thick and the NSTF CLs are typically about 200 nm, 191 achieving a Pt loading close to or lower than the DOE target. 192 However, thin CLs are susceptible to cold-start failure due to the limited pore space for water (ice) storage, as measured by the time constant of CL's ice storage ( where ε CL is the CL porosity, ρ ice is the ice density, and α is the net water transfer coefficient). 109,193–195…”

PEM Fuel Cell Applications in Road Transport

“…Figure 8 shows the cost and loading targets of platinum catalysts for a 100 kW FCEV, while Table 5 reports the main catalyst alternatives along with their related benefits and drawbacks. For a specific, in-depth analysis, see [13,15,63,70,[76][77][78][79][80][81]. Table 5.…”

Mesoscopic analyses of the impact of morphology and operating conditions on the transport resistances in a proton-exchange-membrane fuel-cell catalyst layer

“…Curtailing the amount of the platinum-group-metal in the membrane-electrode-assembly (MEA) has triggered an avalanche of activities in catalyst-layer (CL) research [3]. The US Department of Energy set a technical target of the platinum loading (L Pt ) of 0.125 mg⸱cm -2 for light-duty vehicles by 2020 [4], while the state-of-the-art L Pt is still around 0.2 to 0.3 mg⸱cm -2 [5]. To achieve this low-loading goal, researchers have proposed many innovative approaches to increase the area specific activity and Pt dispersion by developing new deposition techniques to obtain Pt alloy [6], core-shell [7], and nano-frame electrocatalysts [8].…”