Novel insights on caffeine supplementation, CYP1A2 genotype, physiological responses and exercise performance

Barreto, Gabriel; Grecco, Beatriz Helena; Merola, Pietro Krauspenhar; Reis, Caio Eduardo Gonçalves; Gualano, Bruno; Saunders, Bryan

doi:10.1007/s00421-020-04571-7

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…Although there is evidence to support that athletes with the AA genotype in this gene obtain greater benefits from acute caffeine intake (Guest et al 2018 ), most evidence suggests that AA and C-allele carriers equally benefit from caffeine supplementation in several exercise and sports scenarios (Del Coso et al 2012 ; Muñoz et al 2020 ; Puente et al 2018 ). However, to date, most evidence suggests that the ergogenic effect of caffeine on neuromuscular performance may be independent of the CYP1A2 genotype (Barreto et al 2021 ).…”

Section: Sports Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics and sports performance: the present and future in the identification of talent for sports based on DNA testing

et al. 2022

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The impact of genetics on physiology and sports performance is one of the most debated research aspects in sports sciences. Nearly 200 genetic polymorphisms have been found to influence sports performance traits, and over 20 polymorphisms may condition the status of the elite athlete. However, with the current evidence, it is certainly too early a stage to determine how to use genotyping as a tool for predicting exercise/sports performance or improving current methods of training. Research on this topic presents methodological limitations such as the lack of measurement of valid exercise performance phenotypes that make the study results difficult to interpret. Additionally, many studies present an insufficient cohort of athletes, or their classification as elite is dubious, which may introduce expectancy effects. Finally, the assessment of a progressively higher number of polymorphisms in the studies and the introduction of new analysis tools, such as the total genotype score (TGS) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), have produced a considerable advance in the power of the analyses and a change from the study of single variants to determine pathways and systems associated with performance. The purpose of the present study was to comprehensively review evidence on the impact of genetics on endurance- and power-based exercise performance to clearly determine the potential utility of genotyping for detecting sports talent, enhancing training, or preventing exercise-related injuries, and to present an overview of recent research that has attempted to correct the methodological issues found in previous investigations.

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Section: Sports Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics and sports performance: the present and future in the identification of talent for sports based on DNA testing

et al. 2022

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“…Nonetheless, more research is needed to explore these potential effects. Finally, an extremely intriguing mechanistic consideration for paraxanthine administration is that it is not subject to the genotypic control via CYP1A2 allele expression, which has been investigated closely for the past several years [25]. In terms of strength enhancement after paraxanthine administration in the present study, enhanced calcium ion metabolization is likely to be considered the candidate mechanism of action [18], but future research needs to confirm whether the ability of paraxanthine supplementation is also exerting these actions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Paraxanthine Supplementation Increases Muscle Mass, Strength, and Endurance in Mice

Jäger¹,

Purpura²,

Wells³

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Paraxanthine is a natural dietary ingredient and the main metabolite of caffeine in humans. Compared to caffeine, paraxanthine exhibits lower toxicity, lesser anxiogenic properties, stronger locomotor activating effects, greater wake promoting properties, and stronger dopaminergic effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of paraxanthine supplementation on muscle mass, strength, and endurance performance in comparison to the control and other ingredients commonly used by athletes: L-theanine, alpha-GPC, and taurine. Male Swiss Albino mice from five groups (n = 8 per group) were orally administered paraxanthine (20.5 mg/kg/day, human equivalence dose (HED) 100 mg), L-theanine (10.28 mg/kg/day, HED 50 mg), alpha-GPC (41.09 mg/kg/day, HED 200 mg), taurine (102.75 mg/kg/day, HED 500 mg), or control (carboxy methyl cellulose) for 4 weeks. Exercise performance was evaluated using forelimb grip strength and treadmill endurance exercise. All animals were subject to treadmill training for 60 min 5 days per week. Blood draws were utilized to analyze lipid profile, liver health, renal function, and nitric oxide levels. Paraxanthine significantly increased forelimb grip strength by 17% (p < 0.001), treadmill exercise performance by 39% (p < 0.001), gastrocnemius and soleus muscle mass by 14% and 41% respectively (both p < 0.001), and nitric oxide levels by 100% compared to control (p < 0.001), while reducing triglyceride (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p < 0.001), LDL (p < 0.05), and increasing HDL (p < 0.001) compared to control, and compared to L-theanine, alpha-GPC, and taurine. Results from this initial investigation indicate that, when compared to the control, L-theanine, alpha-GPC, and taurine, paraxanthine is an effective ingredient for various aspects of sports performance and may enhance cardiovascular health.

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“…Studies generally support caffeine ingestion (3–13 mg/kg) for improved performance in a broad range of exercise modes, but individual responses vary widely ( 34 ). The cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) gene produces an enzyme that metabolizes caffeine, but more than 13 SNPs can modify this gene's metabolic activity ( 35 ). One of the CYP1A2 SNPs is rs762551, and A/C and C/C carriers (54% of population) experience decreased caffeine metabolism activity in comparison to more rapid metabolism in A/A carriers (46% of population).…”

Section: Precision Nutrition For Athletes and Physically Active Individualsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the CYP1A2 SNPs is rs762551, and A/C and C/C carriers (54% of population) experience decreased caffeine metabolism activity in comparison to more rapid metabolism in A/A carriers (46% of population). Although CYP1A2 polymorphism has been hypothesized to alter caffeine's ergogenic effect, studies thus far are mixed, and CYP1A2 genotyping as a service to athletes is not recommended until more is known ( 35 , 36 ).…”

Section: Precision Nutrition For Athletes and Physically Active Individualsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiomics Approach to Precision Sports Nutrition: Limits, Challenges, and Possibilities

Nieman

2021

Front. Nutr.

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Most sports nutrition guidelines are based on group average responses and professional opinion. Precision nutrition for athletes aims to improve the individualization of nutrition practices to optimize long-term performance and health. This is a 2-step process that first involves the acquisition of individual-specific, science-based information using a variety of sources including lifestyle and medical histories, dietary assessment, physiological assessments from the performance lab and wearable sensors, and multiomics data from blood, urine, saliva, and stool samples. The second step consists of the delivery of science-based nutrition advice, behavior change support, and the monitoring of health and performance efficacy and benefits relative to cost. Individuals vary widely in the way they respond to exercise and nutritional interventions, and understanding why this metabolic heterogeneity exists is critical for further advances in precision nutrition. Another major challenge is the development of evidence-based individualized nutrition recommendations that are embraced and efficacious for athletes seeking the most effective enhancement of performance, metabolic recovery, and health. At this time precision sports nutrition is an emerging discipline that will require continued technological and scientific advances before this approach becomes accurate and practical for athletes and fitness enthusiasts at the small group or individual level. The costs and scientific challenges appear formidable, but what is already being achieved today in precision nutrition through multiomics and sensor technology seemed impossible just two decades ago.

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Novel insights on caffeine supplementation, CYP1A2 genotype, physiological responses and exercise performance

Cited by 24 publications

References 141 publications

Genetics and sports performance: the present and future in the identification of talent for sports based on DNA testing

Genetics and sports performance: the present and future in the identification of talent for sports based on DNA testing

Paraxanthine Supplementation Increases Muscle Mass, Strength, and Endurance in Mice

Multiomics Approach to Precision Sports Nutrition: Limits, Challenges, and Possibilities

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