Novel hexapodal triazole linked to a cyclophosphazene core rhodamine-based chemosensor for selective determination of Hg2+ ions

Abstract

The hexapodal Rhodamine B derivative compound 3 containing a cyclotriphosphazene core was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, (1)H, (13)C and (31)P NMR, HR-MS, MALDI MS and microanalysis. Compound 3 is a naked eye selective sensor with colorimetric and fluorescent properties for Hg(2+) ions in the presence of other metal ions such as Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+), Ba(2+), Mg(2+), Ag(+), Mn(2+), Cu(2+), Ni(2+), Co(2+), Pb(2+), Cd(2+), Zn(2+), Fe(2+), Fe(3+), and Cr(3+). The optical sensor properties of compound 3 were investigated using UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The lowest detection limit of compound 3 was determined as 3.76 × 10(-9) M (0.75 ppb) for Hg(2+) ions. The stoichiometry of compound 3-Hg(2+) complex was found to be 1:3 (ligand/metal ion). The reusable test strip was improved by the immobilization of compound 3 into a hydrogel network. The reusability of the sensor and test strip was tested with S(2-) ion solutions.

Pyrene-BODIPY-substituted novel water-soluble cyclotriphosphazenes: synthesis, characterization, and photophysical properties

“…The absorption and fluorescence spectra of 6 and 7 were similar to the pyrene-substituted BODIPY precursors, since the DEGME moiety did not have any optical properties in the UV-Vis region. It is well known that cyclotriphosphazenes are optically transparent in the UV-Vis region and their photophysical properties can be adjusted according to an attached moiety [31,32]. Absorptions and emissions of compounds 6 and 7 and their precursor BODIPYs (4 and 5) were investigated in THF, which is a good solvent for all compounds, at a concentration of 1 × 10 −6 M. As can be seen in Figures 13 and 14, the difference between the absorption and emission maxima of compounds 4 and 6 was 9 nm.…”

Optical sensor: a promising strategy for environmental and biomedical monitoring of ionic species

“…390 The Hg 2+ is ubiquitous pollutant has attracted much more concerns for its deleterious effects on human health and natural ecosystem 391 and considered one of the more toxic environmental contaminants because of its high reactivity, extreme volatility and relative solubility in water and living tissues. [397][398] Watersoluble divalent mercuric ion (Hg 2+ ) is one of the most usual and stable form of mercury pollution, which provides a pathway for contaminating vast amounts of water and soil. [392][393][394][395][396] The main sources of Hg 2+ contamination are natural and industrial activities such as oceans and volcanic eruptions, gold production, coal plants, the use of fossil fuels, mining, paints, batteries and electronic products.…”

Synthesis and characterization of novel urea and thiourea substitute cyclotriphosphazene compounds as naked-eye sensors for F$^{-}$ and CN$^{-}$ anions

“…1,2 Phosphazene compounds have been a focus of interest for many researchers due to their applications such as forming a core for dendrimeric molecules, 3,4 multicentered ion sensors, 5,6 metal carbonyl derivative, 7 flame retardant agent, 8,9 biodegradable materials, 10−12 and liquid crystalline materials.…”

“…Phosphazenes that contain -P=N(X 2 )-units in their skeleton create a large class of inorganic-organic hybrid compounds. 1,2 Phosphazene compounds have been a focus of interest for many researchers due to their applications such as forming a core for dendrimeric molecules, 3,4 multicentered ion sensors, 5,6 metal carbonyl derivative, 7 flame retardant agent, 8,9 biodegradable materials, 10−12 and liquid crystalline materials. 13 Urea and thiourea derivatives are very interesting compounds due to their biological activities.…”

“…Firstly, hexakis(4-aminophenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene 2 was synthesized according to the literature procedure. 31,32 Afterwards, four urea (3)(4)(5)(6) and one thiourea derivative (7) were synthesized from the reaction of 2 with isocyanate and isothiocyanate compounds. Structures of all synthesized compounds were characterized using spectral methods such as FT-IR, NMR, and MALDI TOF-MS. Then the interaction of all compounds with anions in solvent media was investigated.…”