Novel hepacivirus in Asian house shrew, China

Guo, Hua; Cai, Chunlin; Wang, Bo; Zhuo, Fei; Jiang, Ren-Di; Wang, Ning; Li, Bei; Zhang, Wei; Zhu, Yan; Fan, Yi; WuShen, Chen; Chen, Weihong; Yang, Xing‐Lou; Z, Shi

doi:10.1007/s11427-018-9435-7

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The molecular screening resulted in a total number of 80 positive specimens from 29 extant host species: 78 were identified across 28 potential species of Rodentia and 2 were found in bat individuals from one single host species. Interestingly, we did not detect any positive shrew samples, although these mammals have been previously reported to host hepaciviruses (Guo et al, 2019).…”

Section: Data Availabilitycontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Since 2011, however, considerable efforts to fill the gaps in hepacivirus diversity led to the identification of HCV homologues in a wide range of animal hosts. To date, those include mammalian hosts such as: bats (Quan et al, 2013), cows (Baechlein et al, 2015;Corman et al, 2015), dogs (El-Attar et al, 2015;Kapoor et al, 2011), horses (Burbelo et al, 2012;Lyons et al, 2012), primates (Canuti et al, 2019;Lauck et al, 2013), possums (Chang et al, 2019), shrews (Guo et al, 2019), sloths (Moreira-Soto et al, 2020) and rodents (Drexler et al, 2013;Firth et al, 2014;Kapoor et al, 2013;Van Nguyen et al, 2018). Non-mammalian hosts harbouring hepaciviruses have also been identified including birds (Chu et al, 2019;Goldberg et al, 2019), fish and reptiles (Shi et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unravelling the evolutionary relationships of hepaciviruses within and across rodent hosts

Bletsa

Vrancken

Gryseels

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV; genus Hepacivirus) represents a major public health problem, infecting about 3 % of the human population (± 185,000,000 people). Because no plausible animal reservoir carrying closely related hepaciviruses has been identified, the zoonotic origins of HCV still remain elusive. Motivated by recent findings of divergent hepaciviruses in rodents and a plausible African origin of HCV genotypes, we have screened a comprehensive collection of small mammals samples from seven sub-Saharan African countries. Out of 4,303 samples screened, 80 were found positive for the presence of hepaciviruses in 29 different host species. We here report 56 novel genomes that considerably increase the diversity of three divergent rodent hepacivirus lineages, which previously were almost exclusively represented by New World and European hepaciviruses. Further-more, we provide undisputable evidence for hepacivirus co-infections in rodents, which remarkably, we exclusively but repeatedly found in four sampled species of brush-furred mice. We also point at hepacivirus co-infections indirectly in different animal hosts by demonstrating evidence for recombination within specific host lineages. Our study considerably expands the available hepacivirus genomic data and elucidates the relatively deep evolutionary history that these pathogens have in rodents compared to other mammalian hosts. Overall, our results emphasize the importance of rodents as a potential hepacivirus reservoir and as models for investigating HCV infection dynamics.

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Section: Data Availabilitycontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the evolutionary relationships of hepaciviruses within and across rodent hosts

Bletsa

Vrancken

Gryseels

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…If we accept the initial origin of SARS-CoV-2 from bats that are known to be natural concentrated reservoirs of various extremely dangerous viruses (coronaviruses, hepatitis C viruses, HIV), because these bats live in crowded communities where inter-individual viral transmission is easy, still we cannot explain the transmission of such a virus to humans or other animals (rodents, cats, dogs, etc.) [1,5,[10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding SARS-CoV-2 features of infectivity, aggressiveness, and transmissibility: an insect-vector theory for SARS-CoV-2 dissemination

Lazăr

2021

jidhealth

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a ribonucleic acid–based (RNA-based) lineage B β-coronavirus characterized by 10-20 times higher infectivity and transmissibility even across species than previous coronaviruses. The significant infectivity rate of SARS-CoV-2 is due to its different host cell entry mechanisms that are mainly via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors contrasting earlier coronaviruses that used mainly the endosomal route. Due to the widespread distribution of ACE2 receptors throughout our body, various routes of infectivity are possible, highlighting the necessity of employing multiple forms of protection besides face masks to limit inter-human transmissibility. SARS-CoV-2 exhibits other remarkable features such as the ability to escape the immune system repeated genomic mutations that make it difficult to design a vaccine to address all viral strains and form huge host cell syncytia leading to massive tissue destruction. If we accept SARS-CoV-2 primary reservoir from bats, we should investigate the routes of viral inter-species propagation. In this article, a new theory is proposed- that the dissemination of the virus from the bats to other species and humans could have been possible via an insect vector, as insects possess significant amounts of both ACE2 receptors and a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM-17) enzymes that are essential for virus infectivity. .

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“…Until recently, humans were considered the only established hosts for viruses in the Hepacivirus genus. Since 2011, HCV-like homologs have been discovered in several animal hosts, such as dogs [2], equines [3], bats [4], rodents [5], cattle [6,7], monkeys [8], shrews [9], sharks [10], turtles [11], and fish [11]. As suggested by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the Hepacivirus genus can be assigned to fourteen species ( Hepacivirus A–N ) and is classified within the Flaviviridae family, together with the genera Flavivirus , Pegivirus, and Pestivirus [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of a Novel Subtype of Bovine Hepacivirus in China and Expanded Classification of Bovine Hepacivirus Strains Worldwide into 7 Subtypes

2019

Viruses

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The newest member of the Hepacivirus genus, bovine hepacivirus (BovHepV), was first identified in cattle in 2015 and is a novel hepacivirus C virus (HCV)-like virus. This virus has been detected in five countries so far and is classified into four subtypes. Bovine serum is commonly used for cell cultures and is considered the major source of viral contamination of pharmaceutical products. In this study, bovine serum samples were collected from seven countries located in Asia, America, Oceania, and Europe and were tested for BovHepV RNA using nested PCR, in order to: (i) obtain more knowledge on the geographical distribution and subtypes of BovHepV; and (ii) detect the potential contamination of BovHepV in commercial bovine serum samples used for cell culture propagation. The results demonstrated that bovine serum samples from individual donor cattle in China contained BovHepV RNA. After PCR, sequencing, and assembly, the genomes of the Chinese BovHepV strains were obtained. Genetic analysis of the polyprotein gene revealed a protein identity of <77% and a nucleotide identity of <85% between the Chinese BovHepV strains and all other previously reported BovHepV strains. Using cut-off values for determination of HCV genotypes and subtypes, BovHepV strains worldwide were classified into one unique genotype and seven subtypes. The BovHepV strains identified in the present study were classified into a novel subtype, which was provisionally designated subtype G. The genetic relationships among the different BovHepV subtypes were further confirmed through phylogenetic analysis. The present study provides critical insights into BovHepV’s geographical distribution and genetic variability.

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Novel hepacivirus in Asian house shrew, China

Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

Unravelling the evolutionary relationships of hepaciviruses within and across rodent hosts

Unravelling the evolutionary relationships of hepaciviruses within and across rodent hosts

Understanding SARS-CoV-2 features of infectivity, aggressiveness, and transmissibility: an insect-vector theory for SARS-CoV-2 dissemination

Presence of a Novel Subtype of Bovine Hepacivirus in China and Expanded Classification of Bovine Hepacivirus Strains Worldwide into 7 Subtypes

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