Novel H1N2 swine influenza reassortant strain in pigs derived from the pandemic H1N1/2009 virus

Abstract

24The lung homogenate proved to be positive for both influenza type A (gene M) and H1N1pdm real time RT- 25PCRs. Virus isolation (A/Sw/It/116114/2010) was obtained from both SPF CEE and Caco-2 cells. 26Phylogenetic analysis showed that all of the genes of A/Sw/It/116114/2010, with the exception of 27 neuraminidase (NA), belonged to the H1N1pdm cluster. The NA was closely related to two H1N2 double 73multiplex PCR and PCR assays respectively, as previously described (Calsamiglia et al., 1999; Ouardani et 74 al., 1999; Suarez et al., 1994). 92were made using ClustalW and maximum parsimony phylogenetic trees were created using MEGA4 93 (Tamura et al., 2007). Each tree is a consensus of 500 bootstrap replicates. 94The identification as a novel reassortant strain was confirmed by full length sequencing of HA and NA genes 95 performed directly on lung homogenates. 106The presence of influenza A and the H1N1pdm was detected on AF and Caco-2 CS by real time RT-PCRs. 107A multiplex RT-PCR specific for subtype determination was further used to subtype both AF and CS that

Emergence of the pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza A virus in swine herds in Poland

“…Moreover, in some countries the reassorted pdm H1N1 2009 virus was isolated from pigs (11,20,25,33,35). In Germany, pig herds were investigated in greater details since 2009.…”

First isolation and identification of H1N1 swine influenza viruses in Colombian pig farms

“…In addition, considering that H3N2, and H1N1 pandemic viruses are circulating in the swine population in Colombia and that there is evidence of new viruses such as the H1N2 that emerged in Italy [24] as a result from reassortment between the H3N2 and the pH1N1 influenza virus it is imperative to continue studying swine influenza virus infection in Colombia.…”

Orientações para o diagnóstico de influenza em suínos

“…Após a introdução do vírus A(H1N1)pdm09 em suínos, recombinações entre esse vírus e vírus endêmicos em suínos começaram a ser detectadas (Ducatez et al 2011). Por exemplo, a análise filogenética de uma amostra do vírus influenza isolada em suínos na Itália demonstrou o surgimento de um novo vírus H1N2 que continha os genes PB2, PB1, PA, HA, NP, M e NS do vírus A(H1N1)pdm09 e o gene NA originário do vírus influenza suína H3N2 da linhagem da Eurásia (Moreno et al 2011). …”

“…Embora os genes do vírus A(H1N1)pdm09 serem provenientes de linhagens de vírus da influenza suína da América do Norte e Eurásia (Garten et al 2009), não há evidências que esse vírus estivesse circulando em suínos antes de ocorrer a pandemia em humanos (Yoon 2012). A grande preocupação é que os suínos são considerados a espécie onde o vírus influenza sofre rearranjos ou trocas de genes virais com maior facilidade, originando novos vírus influenza, como tem sido observado recentemente (Ducatez et al 2011, Moreno et al 2011, Liu et al 2012. A grande diversidade genética encontrada nos vírus influenza em diferentes regiões geográficas, aliado ao fato da influenza ser uma zoonose, torna muito importante a obtenção de dados genéticos dos vírus isolados de suínos para monitorar possíveis mutações e rearranjos gênicos.…”