Novel fuzzy optimal controller based on STATCOM to damp SSR oscillations in series compensated systems

Abstract

Phenol is a known prejudicial exotoxin and fi nds place in the environment due to intense activity of petrol industry. The aim of this applied-analytical study is to investigate phenol removal from urban drinking water using batch reactor with using powdered eggshell. Various operating variables are tested for their effects on phenol removal; these include pH, contact time, adsorbent doses, initial phenol concentration, reaction kinetics, and powdered eggshell characteristics. Sample of urban drinking water is prepared containing 5-15 mg/L phenol. Powdered eggshell is prepared in a laboratory oven at 105˚C for 12 h. The phenol-containing water enters batch reactor and phenol removal effi ciency is studied in different cases of the variables pH (3-11), contact time (0-120 min), and adsorbent doses (3-5 gr/dl). Characteristics of the eggshell powder show that the average diameter size of eggshell powder is 2 μm. The main component of eggshell powder is calcium carbonate (CaCO 3). The best conditions for phenol removal are obtained to be pH 3, contact time 80 min, and adsorbent dose 4 gr, and phenol concentration 5 mg/L. The adsorption of phenol on powdered eggshell is obtained from Langmuir isotherm.

Adsorption of phenol over bio-based silica/calcium carbonate (CS-SiO2/CaCO3) nanocomposite synthesized from waste eggshells and rice husks

“…Asgharnia et al (2019), while investigating the effect of pH on phenol removal efficiency, observed higher efficiency for rice husk activated carbon (RHAC) at pH 6 and rice husk carbon (RHC) at pH 5. The result further agrees with the findings reported by Kashi (2017) and Daraei et al (2013) using powdered eggshell.…”

“…Observed to follow the trend CS-SiO 2 /CaCO 3 > ESCaCO 3 > RHSiO 2 . Chraibi et al (2016) and Kashi (2017), in a separate study, show Langmuir isotherm describing the adsorption of phenol onto a calcined eggshell. Giraldo & Moreno-Piraján (2014) observed similar findings over activated carbons derived from eggshell particles.…”

“…The highest percentage removal of 83% was observed in the final nanocomposite (CS-SiO 2 /CaCO 3 ) at a pH of 5.4. The presence of available exchangeable ions (Kashi, 2017), multiple adsorption sites on the adsorbent at this pH range leads to the observed removal efficiency in the CS-SiO 2 /CaCO 3 nanocomposite compared to the other adsorbents. Asgharnia et al (2019), while investigating the effect of pH on phenol removal efficiency, observed higher efficiency for rice husk activated carbon (RHAC) at pH 6 and rice husk carbon (RHC) at pH 5.…”

“…Similar observations were reported using CaCO 3 derived from the eggshell. The study reported an optimum dosage of eggshell powder adsorbent at 4 g (Kashi, 2017). Figure 4B described the adsorption efficiency of the adsorbent at varying pH environments.…”

Artificial Intelligence-based Control Techniques for HVDC Systems

“…The results of the experimental tests performed on an additive self-tuning (ST) control scheme are presented for a static synchronous series compensator that exhibits rapid responses under all conditions [53,54]. A fuzzy optimal controller based on the STATCOM algorithm was used to simulate oscillations in series-compensated transmission systems [55]. The use of STATCOM was utilized by Gyugyi et al [56] to determine the suitable reactive power flow by using a solid-state approach to rebalance the distribution voltages.…”