Novel exploration of the flame retardant potential of bimetallic MXene in epoxy composites

Column-to-Beam Architecture Inspires Interface-Engineered MXene Nanosheet/Boron Nitride Nanosheet/Polydopamine Hybrids for Fire Retardants

“…From Figure a and Table , it can be seen that pure EP is ignited at 76 s (time to ignition, TTI) and then burns rapidly with a sharply changing HRR plot at 76–250 s, while its PHRR reaches 1028.2 kW/m 2 at 154 s. Surprisingly, compared to pristine EP, all EP samples incorporating additives exhibit lower TTI values, which is most likely due to the nanofillers promoting initial thermal oxidation and degradation . As shown in Figure a, following the addition of nanofillers, the PHRR of EP composites reveals different decreasing trends.…”

“…All nanohybrids exhibit a slight weight loss process from room temperature to 700 °C, with weight loss rates of 4.2% (MXene), 5.9% (BN-PDA), and 5.4% (BN-PDA-MXene), respectively, indicating their excellent thermal stability. The early mass loss around 100–210 °C is due to the loss of water molecules, which mainly originates from the water of crystallization and is supplemented by a small amount of adsorbed water. With respect to MXene, the weight loss of 1.2% between 210 and 500 °C corresponds to the thermal disintegration of reactive groups such as −F, −OH, and −O .…”

“…As far as we know, the abundant and dense char residue is considered a strong barrier against the combustion reaction . Nevertheless, the validity of covering layers is closely related to its char-forming ability. , Thus, the structure and graphitization of char residues were explored using Raman spectroscopy, as shown in Figure . All curves have two significant peaks around 1355 and 1595 cm –1 , which belong to the D-band and the G-band, respectively.…”

“…MXene shows remarkable effectiveness as a multifunctional additive with fascinating physical and chemical properties, which has potential applications in the fields of electromagnetic shielding, smart sensors, catalysis, etc. At the same time, some scholars have gradually paid attention to the thermal stability, high specific surface area, and metal catalytic activity of MXene and believe that it has potential to become an effective flame-retardant filler, which is also conducive to the development of high-performance polymer composites. − Gong et al showed that incorporating 1% MXene into the EP matrix can reduce the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and peak smoke release (PSPR) rate of EP by 24.1 and 34.6%, respectively. Meng et al found that phytic acid-modified MXene (P-MXene) would endow EP with a 38.6% and 31.6% drop in PHRR and PSPR, respectively.…”

Design and preparation of a novel organic–inorganic hybrid for reducing fire hazards of epoxy

“…Transition metal and its compounds could not only catalyze the formation of carbon, but also inhibit the release of toxic substances due to their high catalytic activity. 17,18 Zhang et al 19 found polyhedral silsesquioxane oligomers containing transition metals (Co or Fe) could significantly reduce the smoke toxicity and heat of epoxy matrix. In recent years, the combination of phosphorus and transition metal compounds was employed in the field of flame retardant polymer materials.…”