Novel deep eutectic solvent-based liquid phase microextraction for the extraction of estrogenic compounds from environmental samples

Abstract

A pH-switchable hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent-based liquid phase microextraction (DES-LPME) technique was established and combined with gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy for the determination of estrogenic compounds in environmental samples.

Advances of responsive deep eutectic solvents and application in extraction and separation of bioactive compounds

“…Fattahi et al. performed FT‐IR characterization on the functional groups of the synthesized DES by l ‐menthol and chlorosilane (CSA) [80]. FT‐IR spectra showed that the O‐H tensile vibration induced by l ‐menthol before and after the synthesis of DES was 3263–3346 cm −1 .…”

“…To further analyze the structure and properties of the compounds, the 1 H-NMR, and 13 C-NMR can be used to verify the changes in RDESs before and after synthesis. Fattahi et al performed FT-IR characterization on the functional groups of the synthesized DES by l-menthol and chlorosilane (CSA) [80]. FT-IR spectra showed that the O-H tensile vibration induced by l-menthol before and after the synthesis of DES was 3263-3346 cm −1 .…”

Evaluation of an Ion-Associate Phase Formed In Situ from the Aqueous Phase by Adding Benzethonium Chloride and Sodium Ethylbenzenesulfonate for Microextraction

“…The detection of chemicals in environmental water samples often requires pretreatments such as the separation and concentration of water [1][2][3][4]. Organic ion-associate phase (IAP) microextraction is one such pretreatment [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

“…The in situ formation of micro-liquid phases from the aqueous phase can be achieved by the use of ionic liquids [15][16][17][18][19], deep eutectic solvents [2,[20][21][22][23] and their combination with dispersive liquid-liquid extraction [19,23]. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has yet elucidated the optimum concentration of the reagents used to form the solvent.…”

“…The environmental pollution caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), estrogens and pesticides is of great concern [2,4,25,26]. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a maximum level of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in drinking water of just 0.0007 mg/L [25].…”