Novel coronavirus-like particles targeting cells lining the respiratory tract

Naskalska, Antonina; Dąbrowska, Agnieszka; Nowak, Paulina; Szczepański, Artur; Jasik, Krzysztof; Milewska, Aleksandra; Ochman, Marek; Żegleń, Sławomir; Rajfur, Zenon; Pyrć, Krzysztof

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0203489

Cited by 38 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Therefore, more work in this area is needed before extra-pulmonary symptoms are definitively linked to severe MERS-CoV. Several studies have also shown downregulation causes severe lung pathologies in CoV models of infection, and impairment in cardiovascular health in general [38,39]. Further, progression to ARDS and subsequent cytokine expansion, including IL-8 and 6, CXCL10, and CCL2, and complications such as pulmonary fibrosis, neovascularization, and congestive heart failure due to bilateral pulmonary infiltrates have been noted for infections [2,40].…”

Section: Mers-cov Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Analysis of Factors Influencing Two Outbreaks of Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Saudi Arabia and South Korea

Willman

Kobasa

Kindrachuk

2019

Viruses

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In 2012, an emerging viral infection was identified in Saudi Arabia that subsequently spread to 27 additional countries globally, though cases may have occurred elsewhere. The virus was ultimately named Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and has been endemic in Saudi Arabia since 2012. As of September 2019, 2468 laboratory-confirmed cases with 851 associated deaths have occurred with a case fatality rate of 34.4%, according to the World Health Organization. An imported case of MERS occurred in South Korea in 2015, stimulating a multi-month outbreak. Several distinguishing factors emerge upon epidemiological and sociological analysis of the two outbreaks including public awareness of the MERS outbreak, and transmission and synchronization of governing healthcare bodies. South Korea implemented a stringent healthcare model that protected patients and healthcare workers alike through prevention and high levels of public information. In addition, many details about MERS-CoV virology, transmission, pathological progression, and even the reservoir, remain unknown. This paper aims to delineate the key differences between the two regional outbreaks from both a healthcare and personal perspective including differing hospital practices, information and public knowledge, cultural practices, and reservoirs, among others. Further details about differing emergency outbreak responses, public information, and guidelines put in place to protect hospitals and citizens could improve the outcome of future MERS outbreaks.

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Section: Mers-cov Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Analysis of Factors Influencing Two Outbreaks of Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Saudi Arabia and South Korea

Willman

Kobasa

Kindrachuk

2019

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Production and purification of VLPs. HCoV-NL63 VLPs composed of the M, E, N, and (optionally) S proteins were produced in insect cells, as previously described (22), with the modification that the N protein was also included. To evaluate protein expression, insect cells infected with bicistronic recombinant baculovirus (rBV) coding for M and E proteins (MϩE) and monocistronic N rBV (and optionally monocistronic S rBV) were immunostained and examined under a confocal microscope.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the apparent molecular weight of the S protein band was higher than expected, most likely because of the glycosylation and/or incomplete denaturation of the protein trimer. Both VLPs, composed of M, E, and N (MEN) and M, E, N, and S (MENS) proteins, were concentrated and purified using a heparin column according to a previously developed protocol (22) (Fig. 1C).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VLP production. VLPs composed of membrane (M), envelope (E), and spike (S) proteins of HCoV-NL63 were produced as described previously (22), but nucleocapsid (N) protein was additionally included for this work. For this, the N gene was subcloned from pET Duet (23) to pFastBac Dual, under the control of the polyhedrin promoter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electron microscopy. Samples were prepared as described previously (22). Briefly, purified VLPs were fixed in Karnovsky solution and loaded onto copper grids coated with a support film (Formvar 15/95E; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Membrane Protein of Human Coronavirus NL63 Is Responsible for Interaction with the Adhesion Receptor

Naskalska

Dąbrowska

Szczepański

et al. 2019

J Virol

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Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) is a common respiratory virus that causes moderately severe infections. We have previously shown that the virus uses heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) as the initial attachment factors, facilitating viral entry into the cell. In the present study, we show that the membrane protein (M) of HCoV-NL63 mediates this attachment. Using viruslike particles lacking the spike (S) protein, we demonstrate that binding to the cell is not S protein dependent. Furthermore, we mapped the M protein site responsible for the interaction with HSPG and confirmed its relevance using a viable virus. Importantly, in silico analysis of the region responsible for HSPG binding in different clinical isolates and the Amsterdam I strain did not exhibit any signs of cell culture adaptation. IMPORTANCE It is generally accepted that the coronaviral S protein is responsible for viral interaction with a cellular receptor. Here we show that the M protein is also an important player during early stages of HCoV-NL63 infection and that the concerted action of the two proteins (M and S) is a prerequisite for effective infection. We believe that this study broadens the understanding of HCoV-NL63 biology and may also alter the way in which we perceive the first steps of cell infection with the virus. The data presented here may also be important for future research into vaccine or drug development.

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Children and COVID‐19: Microbiological and immunological insights

Buonsenso

Sali

Pata

et al. 2020

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Since its first description in China, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has spread worldwide being declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. More than 10.3 million people have been infected and more than 506 000 people died. However, SARS‐CoV‐2 had a lower impact on the pediatric population. Only about 1% to 2% of infected people are children and few deaths under the age of 14 are described so far. In this article, we discuss microbiological and immunological characteristics of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children highlighting the main differences from adult SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.

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Novel coronavirus-like particles targeting cells lining the respiratory tract

Cited by 38 publications

References 70 publications

A Comparative Analysis of Factors Influencing Two Outbreaks of Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Saudi Arabia and South Korea

A Comparative Analysis of Factors Influencing Two Outbreaks of Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Saudi Arabia and South Korea

Membrane Protein of Human Coronavirus NL63 Is Responsible for Interaction with the Adhesion Receptor

Children and COVID‐19: Microbiological and immunological insights

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