A Comparative Analysis of Factors Influencing Two Outbreaks of Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Saudi Arabia and South Korea

Willman, Marnie; Kobasa, Darwyn; Kindrachuk, Jason

doi:10.3390/v11121119

Cited by 44 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…A comparative analysis of factors influencing MERS-CoV outbreak in KSA compared to South Korea identified several exacerbating factors: which includes poor access to health-care professionals at general practitioner level, which can result in delays between disease development, progression, and diagnosis, individuals who relied on camels for daily living denied the relation between camels and MERS-CoV: kicking off the "Kiss Your Camel campaign, " which became increasingly popular in Social Media in 2015, and 75% of HCWs were unaware of how disease spreads, with a general feeling of workers and citizens is largely that MERS was not a substantial problem [21]. Similarly, the current COVID-19 outbreak and response have been accompanied by a massive "infodemic"-an overabundance of information-some accurate and many not-that makes it hard for people to find trustworthy sources and reliable guidance [10], as most turn to social media, it is vital to track and respond to myths and rumors, an up-to-date reference should be maintained.…”

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confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in the Shadows of MERS-CoV in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Barry¹,

Amri²,

Memish³

2020

JEGH

104

111

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Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has plagued the Middle East since it was first reported in 2012. Recently, at the end of December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases were reported from Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China, linked to a wet seafood market with a new coronavirus identified as the etiologic agent currently named SARS-CoV-2. Most cases are in Mainland China with international spread to 25 countries. The novelty of the virus, the rapid national and international spread, and the lack of therapeutic and preventative strategies have led the WHO International Health Regulation emergency committee to declare the disease as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on January 30, 2020. As it relates to countries with the ongoing MERS-CoV community cases and hospital acquired infections, there will be a huge challenge for HCWs to deal with both coronaviruses, especially with the lack of standardized and approved point of care testing. This challenge will now be faced by the whole global health community dealing with COVID-19 since both coronaviruses have similar presentation. Those patients should now be tested for both MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 simultaneously, and with the continuing wide international spread of SARS-CoV-2, the travel history to China in the last 14 days will be of less significance

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confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in the Shadows of MERS-CoV in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Barry¹,

Amri²,

Memish³

2020

JEGH

104

111

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“…In contrast, dromedary camels are considered to act a reservoir host for MERS-CoV, and over half of primary human infections report contact with camels, however, it is suspected that bats are likely the ancestral host for MERS-CoV or a MERS-CoV-like virus [42,43]. Zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV likely results from direct contact with intermediate hosts [44], while human-to-human transmission of both viruses occurs primarily through close contact and nosocomial transmission via respiratory secretions [45,46]. Considering the animals implicated as reservoir hosts for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, along with the conclusions from phylogenetic analyses from us and other groups, these potential reservoirs will be important starting points for investigation of the virus source.…”

Section: Coronavirus Animal Reservoirs and Incidental Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DPP4 is widely expressed in various kidney cells and likely contributes to MERS-CoV infiltration and subsequent renal dysfunction [51,52]. DCs and macrophages can also be productively infected by MERS-CoV in vitro [44]. The 2019-nCoV receptor(s) is currently unknown.…”

Section: Molecular Analysis Of 2019-ncov the Cov Spike Protein And Homentioning

confidence: 99%

2019-nCoV (Wuhan virus), a novel Coronavirus: human-to-human transmission, travel-related cases, and vaccine readiness

Ralph

Lew

Zeng

et al. 2020

J Infect Dev Ctries

Self Cite

191

165

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On 31 December 2019 the Wuhan Health Commission reported a cluster of atypical pneumonia cases that was linked to a wet market in the city of Wuhan, China. The first patients began experiencing symptoms of illness in mid-December 2019. Clinical isolates were found to contain a novel coronavirus with similarity to bat coronaviruses. As of 28 January 2020, there are in excess of 4,500 laboratory-confirmed cases, with > 100 known deaths. As with the SARS-CoV, infections in children appear to be rare. Travel-related cases have been confirmed in multiple countries and regions outside and the United States, as well as Hong Kong and Taiwan. Domestically in China, the virus has also been noted in several cities and provinces with cases in all but one provinence. While zoonotic transmission appears to be the original source of infections, the most alarming development is that humanto-human transmission is now prevelant. Of particular concern is that many healthcare workers have been infected in the current epidemic. There are several critical clinical questions that need to be resolved, including how efficient is human-to-human transmission? What is the animal reservoir? Is there an intermediate animal reservoir? Do the vaccines generated to the SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV or their proteins offer protection against 2019-nCoV? We offer a research perspective on the next steps for the generation of vaccines. We also present data on the use of in silico docking in gaining insight into 2019-nCoV Spike-receptor binding to aid in therapeutic development. Diagnostic PCR protocols can be found at https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus/laboratory-diagnostics-for-novel-coronavirus. A novel coronavirus (CoV) has emerged in Wuhan, China (Figure 1). This virus causes pneumonia of varying severity and has resulted in a high number of hospitalizations (> 4,500) and at least 105 deaths (casefatality rate (CFR) estimated at 1.5-3%). This virus is currently referred to as 2019-nCoV (also Wuhan virus) and is related to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), although with only approximately 80% similarity at the nucleotide level. With a seemingly comparable chain of events as the origin of SARS-CoV, the initial infections with 2019-nCoV appears to be linked to contact with animals in wet markets. Even though human-to-human Ralph et al. -2019-nCoV Wuhan and human-to-human transmission J Infect Dev Ctries 2020; 14(1):3-17. Figure S1. Interaction of RBD residues involved in species specificity and ACE2. The RBD homology models docked to ACE2 are shown with emphasis placed on three residues associated with SARS-CoV species specificity: Leu472, Asn479, and Thr487. ACE2 is shown in grey and ACE2 residues involved with each of the three RBD residues are shown in stick form. The SARS-CoV, WIV1-CoV, and 2019-nCoV RBD homology models are shown in magenta, cyan, and green, respectively. Amino acids involved in ACE2 binding are shown in stick representation in their respective colours. If a SARS-RBD amino acid is mutated in either W...

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“…We assume it will keep going for the following not many days for the occasion and shall refresh. The variables esteem might be evaluated after that data is accessible [27]- [30]. It contends all avoidance and limiting cases might be ordered up to three huge gatherings, that are portrayed a stage work and reaction work, separately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on COVID-19 transmission dynamics: Stability analysis of SEIR model with Hopf bifurcation for effect of time delay

M.Rasha¹,

S.Balamuralitharan²

2020

Preprint

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This paper deals with a general SEIR model for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with the effect of time delay proposed. We get the stability theorems for disease-free equilibrium and provide adequate situations of the COVID-19 transmission dynamics equilibrium of present and absent cases. A Hopf bifurcation parameter $\tau$ is the effects of time delay and we demonstrate that the locally asymptotic stable is present equilibrium. The Reproduction number is brief in less than or greater than one, and it effectively controlling the COVID-19 infection outbreak, and subsequently reveals insight into understanding the patterns of the flare-up. The numerical experiment is calculated to help the theoretical outcomes.

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A Comparative Analysis of Factors Influencing Two Outbreaks of Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Saudi Arabia and South Korea

Cited by 44 publications

References 59 publications

COVID-19 in the Shadows of MERS-CoV in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

COVID-19 in the Shadows of MERS-CoV in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2019-nCoV (Wuhan virus), a novel Coronavirus: human-to-human transmission, travel-related cases, and vaccine readiness

A study on COVID-19 transmission dynamics: Stability analysis of SEIR model with Hopf bifurcation for effect of time delay

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