Novel Blue-Wavelength-Blocking Contact Lens with Er3+/TiO2 NPs: Manufacture and Characterization

Abstract

Thermally stable titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) doped with erbium ions (Er3+) are characterized by uniformity, low excitation energy, and high surface area. The impregnation methodology was used to enhance the optical properties of TiO2 NPs impregnated with various Er3+ ion contents. The synthesized Er3+/TiO2 samples were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), metal mapping, UV–Visible spectrum, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Er3+ ions, per our findings, were well-distributed on the TiO2 surface of the anatase phase and there was an insignificant difference in particle size, but there was no change in the particle shapes of the Er3+/TiO2 NPs structure. The maximum band gap degradation occurred with 1.8 wt % of Er3+/TiO2, where the energy gap degraded from 3.13 to 2.63 eV for intrinsic TiO2. The synthesized Er3+/TiO2 samples possess predominantly finely dispersed erbium ion species on the surface. Er3+ ions agglomeration on the surface increased with increasing ions in each sample. We found that 0.6 wt/vol % of Er+3/TiO2 is the best optical coating and produced satisfying results in terms of blocking the transmittance of blue wavelength without reducing the image quality.

The Future of Vision: A Review of Electronic Contact Lenses Technology

“…Additionally, further investigation could be conducted to evaluate the safety and long-term effects of wearing a soft CL with an embedded circuit. Smart CLs have been a subject of research and development for many years, with the aim of creating a device that could provide optical aberration limitation, 83 vision correction as well as additional functionality, 84 such as augmented reality or health monitoring. 85 In 1974, Gillman and Green were the first to develop a CL sensor for monitoring IOP (intraocular pressure) without invasive methods.…”

Plasmonic Contact Lenses Based on Silver Nanoparticles for Blue Light Protection

“…Soft contact lenses are widely used for vision correction and cosmetic purposes. While blue light protective contact lenses (BLCLs) based on nanoparticles like silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide have been reported, their low protection levels (20%) and narrow blockage bands limit their performance. , Zinc oxide/cyclized polyacrylonitrile composite contact lenses were also reported for blue light protection, but they exhibited low transmittance (approximately 60%) in the passband, making them less suitable for indoor activities . Recently released commercial BLCLs rely on chemical dyes, which may degrade and leach with a potential biological toxicity.…”

Vinyl Polymers as Key Materials in Contact Lens Design: A Review of Progress and Future Directions

“…[11,12] Synthesized through diverse manufacturing techniques, including spin casting and molding processes, vinyl polymers enable the production of lenses with precise dimensions, cus-tomized parameters, and unwavering quality. [13] Tailored polymerization techniques further endow these lenses with specific material properties, while surface modification and functionalization methods augment their performance. These modifications can enhance surface hydrophilicity, resist protein and lipid deposition, and ameliorate other surface properties, collectively heightening wearer comfort and curbing complications linked to lens fouling.…”