Novel Blood Indicators of Progression and Prognosis in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Red Cell Distribution Width-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Albumin-to-Fibrinogen Ratio

Abstract

Objective. To evaluate the value of preoperative red cell distribution width-to-lymphocyte ratio (RLR) and albumin-to-fibrinogen ratio (AFR) to the prognosis of patients after renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods. From 2012 to 2016, a total of 273 RCC patients underwent radical nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy. This study retrospectively analyzed this group of patients. X-tile software was used to determine the optimal values of RLR and AFR in the peripheral blood. The nomogram constructed with independent factors was used to predict the survival outcome of the patients after RCC. Results. The RLR of the RCC group was higher than that of the normal control group ( P = 0.002 ), whereas the AFR of the RCC group was lower than that of the normal control group ( P < 0.001 ). RLR and AFR are related to tumour type and tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) stage ( P < 0.05 for all). Cox regression analysis showed that the independent prognostic factors affecting overall survival and disease-free survival in the RCC group were symptom, tumour type, TNM stage, Fuhrman grade, RLR, and AFR ( P < 0.05 for all). The nomogram constructed by multiple factors has better predictive power for patients after RCC. Conclusion. Preoperative RLR and AFR can serve as potential biomarkers to predict the prognosis of postoperative RCC patients and improve the predictability of patient recurrence and survival.

A novel prognostic biomarker for cutaneous malignant melanoma: red cell distribution width (RDW) to lymphocyte ratio

“…In a study, RLR was found to be higher in patients with colorectal cancer compared to the healthy population, and it was suggested that it could be used as a biomarker [35]. In their study, Ma et al retrospectively examined 273 RCC patients and showed that high RLR (≥8.6) was associated with shorter survival [16]. It was also revealed in this study that RLR is an independent prognostic factor for both OS and DFS [16].…”

“…The RDW to lymphocyte ratio (RLR) is a relatively new marker calculated using RDW and lymphocyte, each of which has been shown to have prognostic significance in many cancers alone. In the only study investigating the significance of RLR, although the prognostic significance of RLR in patients with RCC was shown [16], its significance in MM could not be revealed clearly. Thus, in this study, we aimed to show the prognostic significance of RLR in MM.…”

Commentary: Increased CDC6 Expression Associates With Poor Prognosis in Patients With Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

“…After the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) study and online TIMER and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analyses, it was also found that a high expression of CDC6 was related to multiple signaling pathways, immune checkpoint molecules, tumor microenvironment, and immune infiltration in the study. It was previously reported that various inflammation-based prognostic parameters, e.g., platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and other markers of elevated systemic inflammation might be useful for predicting survival of patients with several malignant neoplasms and RCC ( 6 – 8 ). In this regard, the relationship between CDC6 tissue expression and some of those blood markers provided by retrospective patient data analysis could have been investigated and could have strengthened the study.…”

Albumin-to-Fibrinogen Ratio is an Independent Prognostic Parameter in De Novo non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia

“…Alb and Fib both have been con rmed as prognostic markers for cancer [16,17]. The albumin-to-brinogen ratio (AFR), which consider albumin and brinogen together, has been accepted as a novel in ammatory marker as well as a nutritional index and is used as a prognostic biomarker for various cancer, including NSCLC, bladder cancer, renal cell carcinoma, ovarian cancer and CLL et al [18][19][20][21][22]. However, the role of AFR in de novo non-M3 AML has not been clearly demonstrated.…”