“…The phase shift 0 is adapted between the phase legs to achieve three-phase symmetry. For this modulation method the harmonic components of the switching function can be found analytically by double Fourier series expansion as described in [7]. In order to maintain periodicity at a non-integer frequency ratio a longer cycle time for the Fourier expansion than the fundamental period of the modulation reference can be used.…”
Section: Validation Of the Proposed Methodologymentioning
Modular multilevel converters, based on cascading of halfbridge converter cells, can combine low switching frequency with low harmonic interference. They can be designed for high operating voltages without direct series connection of semiconductor elements. This has led to a rapid adoption within high-power applications such as HVDC, STATCOM and railway interties. Analysing the operation of these converters in the frequency domain poses a few challenges due to the presence of significant low-order harmonic voltages in the cell capacitors. This paper presents a frequency-domain model of the MMC converter with halfbridge cells, based on a two-stage approach. First, the circuit equations are decoupled by a simple linear transformation, whereby the circuit schematic can be separated into a dc-side and an ac-side part. Second, the switching operation within the phase arms is modelled in the frequency domain by iterated convolution. The model is verified against a timedomain simulation of a converter with ratings valid for HVDC applications. It is shown that the proposed methodology, where all calculations are made in the frequency domain, can accurately reproduce the results from the simulation.
“…The phase shift 0 is adapted between the phase legs to achieve three-phase symmetry. For this modulation method the harmonic components of the switching function can be found analytically by double Fourier series expansion as described in [7]. In order to maintain periodicity at a non-integer frequency ratio a longer cycle time for the Fourier expansion than the fundamental period of the modulation reference can be used.…”
Section: Validation Of the Proposed Methodologymentioning
Modular multilevel converters, based on cascading of halfbridge converter cells, can combine low switching frequency with low harmonic interference. They can be designed for high operating voltages without direct series connection of semiconductor elements. This has led to a rapid adoption within high-power applications such as HVDC, STATCOM and railway interties. Analysing the operation of these converters in the frequency domain poses a few challenges due to the presence of significant low-order harmonic voltages in the cell capacitors. This paper presents a frequency-domain model of the MMC converter with halfbridge cells, based on a two-stage approach. First, the circuit equations are decoupled by a simple linear transformation, whereby the circuit schematic can be separated into a dc-side and an ac-side part. Second, the switching operation within the phase arms is modelled in the frequency domain by iterated convolution. The model is verified against a timedomain simulation of a converter with ratings valid for HVDC applications. It is shown that the proposed methodology, where all calculations are made in the frequency domain, can accurately reproduce the results from the simulation.
“…Recently, people started to study the impact of interleaving on a paralleled three-phase VSC system in frequency domain [13,14,15,16]. Using the double integral Fourier analysis method [17], the output ac harmonic currents cancellation effect of interleaving for a system of N parallel three-phase VSCs has theoretically been confirmed [13]. The impact of the non-conventional interleaving is also discussed in [15,18,19] and used in [16].…”
Section: Principle Of Asymmetric Interleavingmentioning
Recent years have seen the proliferation of electronic devices that require multi-phase power converters to provide heterogeneous power rails to different systems. Typical systems will utilize symmetric interleaving as a method of reducing the input current ripple for the power converter. Asymmetric interleaving is a method of control that allows for a further reduction, and in some cases complete cancellation, of this input current ripple. This work looks at some of the challenges for a practical implementation using digital control, and provides results to quantify this improvement. This work demonstrates a control algorithm implementation capable of achieving nearly 3x reduction in the input current ripple via the asymmetric interleaving method.
“…Around the switching frequency there are two dominant components in the inductor current spectrum which are given in Equation (3), where is the fundamental frequency and nominal voltage. Further harmonic analysis is given in [9] (3)…”
Section: B Choice Of Inverter Filter Componentsmentioning
Abstract-The trend toward using inverters in distributed generation systems and micro-grids has raised the importance of achieving low-distortion, high-quality power export from inverters. Both switching frequency effects and pre-existing grid voltage distortion can contribute to poor power quality. A well designed filter can attenuate switching frequency components but has an impact on the control bandwidth and the impedance presented to grid distortion. This paper describes a filter designed to incorporate an isolating transformer and the design of a complementary controller that rejects grid disturbance, maintains good waveform quality and achieves real and reactive power control. A realistic discrete time implementation is discussed and validated with experimental results.
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